Electric heating – Metal heating – By arc
Patent
1989-04-27
1992-04-07
Albritton, C. L.
Electric heating
Metal heating
By arc
2191217, 21912174, 21912176, B23K 2600
Patent
active
051030730
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to industrial physics and, in particular, to laser technology and machinery and, more particularly, to a method of laser treatment of an object and a device realizing this method.
2. Description of the Related Art
At present laser beams are used in many fields of science and technology, in industry and medicine to irradiate a specific zone on an object by a specific distribution of density of the laser flux in order to achieve an energy input for some sort of treatment. This problem is more or less effectively dealt with by several known methods of laser treatment using many different optical laser systems. But it should be admitted that potentialities of laser beams in treatment of various materials are far from being fully exploited. Since lasers are not cheap to use, each method and device is to be assessed on the basis of efficiency achieved in the application of lasers which are the basic component of such methods and devices.
Laser technologies can be classified according to the shape of the treatment zone into three types: welding; or printing, patterning.
The last and most complicated method of treatment of patterns consists in that, first, the optical system produces a laser beam in accordance with the required shape and size of the treatment zone (optical image production stage), and, second, a specific energy input is applied to this treatment zone (transmission of optical image to the object). The shape and size of the treatment zone are dictated by specific requirements of a production operation.
Several methods are used to produce an optical image for laser treatment of various objects. More popular are a contour-beam method and a mask method including contact and projection varieties.
Known in the art is a contour-beam method of laser treatment of an object (V. P. Veiko et al. Lazernaya Obrabotka, 1973, Lenizdat Publ., Leningrad, p. 144), wherein an optical image of a pattern is produced within a specific exposure period by successively illuminating a specific profile or contour by a light beam focused by an objective lens. The assigned contour is traced either by moving the object or by scanning the light beam. The object is usually placed in the focal plane of the objective lens and scanning is performed by mechanical transportation of the optical system of the device. It is important in this method that the optical system be equipped with at least one lens focusing radiation to a point and with a means for relative movement of the laser beam and the object.
This prior art method has the advantage of efficient use of laser energy. It is also good because it can achieve a high density of the energy flux in a spot area. But this method is deficient in that it is much less efficient in producing intricately shaped patterns because the whole treatment zone cannot be exposed at once. Besides, this method provides no optical means for producing a specific distribution of laser beam density in the treatment zone. These drawbacks restrict the range of production operations realizable by this method. If the treatment zone is not an outline or contour but a limited surface, this method cannot provide high quality of laser treatment.
Known in the art is a mask laser treatment method (V. P. Veiko et al., Lazernaya Obrabotka, 1973, Lenizdat Publ., Leningrad, p. 136), in which a laser beam of a specific shape and size is produced by irradiating areas on the surface of an object through masks (stencils) installed in the optical system of the device realizing this method. Free spaces or slots in the mask correspond to the required shape of the treatment zone, while the size can be left unaltered, reduced or magnified to a required size by the optical system. Two varieties of this method, contact and projection methods, have become popular recently.
The contact method consists in that a mask is pressed against the object prior to exposure. The advantage of this method consists in that the optical system of the device realizing th
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V. P. Veiko et al., Lazernaya Obrobotka, 1973, Lenizdat Publ., Leningrad, pp. 144 & 136.
Lazernaya i Elektronno-Luchevaya Obrabotka Materialov, Reference book, N. N. Raykalin et al., 1983, pp. 445-449.
Elektronaya Promyshlennost, Issue 1, 1976, Moscow, V. Z. Vysotsky et al., Ustanovka S Proektsionnoi Opticheskoi Sistemoi dlia Podgonki Resistorov, pp. 22,23.
Akopian Vladimir S.
Danileiko Jury K.
Danilov Viktor A.
Mordasov Vasily I.
Murzin Sergei P.
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