Image analysis – Applications – Document or print quality inspection
Reexamination Certificate
1996-05-06
2002-09-10
Patel, Jayanti K. (Department: 2623)
Image analysis
Applications
Document or print quality inspection
C101S484000, C356S392000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06449385
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a device for inspecting the printed image of a product of a printing press.
Devices of this type serve to detect image defects, particularly in the inline mode of operation, in the printed image of a product produced by a printing press.
The known devices of this type have the drawback that inspection is performed manually and is time consuming, with the result that the printing press is slowed down, or that continued printing of faulty prints leads to waste of paper and other resources.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an image inspection device which overcomes the drawbacks of the known devices of this general type.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, this object is attained in that the device has an image detecting device that furnishes actual image data of the product which are compared, by means of a comparison circuit, with nominal image data of a defect-free image subject, wherein a preselectable division of the printed image into inspection areas is made, and if a defect detected by the comparison circuit occurs the associated inspection area is designated. This embodiment according to the invention thus makes it possible to localize defects by means of the designated inspection area, which represents a distinct portion of the entire printed image; the entire printed image is inspected entirely in a multiplicity of inspection areas without overlapping. Attention is thus directed not merely to a single defect in the printed image resulting in removal of the associated sheet of paper, for instance by means of a spoiled-sheet bypass of the printing press; instead, concrete defect localization is performed; that is, the region (inspection area) in which the defect is located is designated. In this way, the location of the defect can be found very rapidly, and designation by means of the inspection area compared with high-precision indication of coordinates of the concrete location of the defect. The invention has the further advantage that substantially less effort must be exerted to produce the device; at the same time very good defect location detection is attained because the designation can be detected rapidly.
According to a further feature of the invention it may be provided that the inspection areas each have a square or rectangular outline. Preferably, the inspection areas are distributed in the manner of a grid over the surface of the printed image, with corresponding X and Y coordinates in terms of preferably a Cartesian coordinate grid.
Preferably, the width (x-coordinate) of each inspection area is equal in size to the respective zone width of color zones of an inking unit of the printing press. It is advantageous if the height (x-coordinate) of each inspection area is equal in size to the respective zone width of color zone of the inking unit of the printing press. For instance, if the printed sheet involved is of 102-type format with a zone grouping of 32.5 mm, then the total area is divided into 32×22 square inspection areas (X coordinate; Y coordinate).
It is advantageous if addresses are assigned to the inspection areas. On the basis of the addresses, the respective inspection area can be uniquely determined. Preferably, the addresses are first designated by a value on the X coordinate and then (separated by a comma, for instance) by a value on the Y coordinate. Thus “(1,1)” means the first width interval along the X axis and the first height interval along the Y axis, and hence the bottom left field on the printed sheet. “(32,22)” accordingly designates the top right inspection field of the printed image of a printed sheet.
Preferably, each address of the inspection areas is assigned at least one memory cell of a memory, wherein a value that corresponds to the outcome of inspection of the associated inspection area is written into the memory cell. It is thus possible for instance to write the value “0” into the memory cell if the associated inspection area is defect-free, or in other words the actual image data compared with the command image data of a defect-free image subject show no deviation, or only deviations within an allowable tolerance threshold, so that freedom from defects can be presumed. If in one or several inspection areas there is at least one defect that has been detected in the nominal/actual comparison from the fact of exceeding of the tolerance threshold, then the value “1” is written into the memory cell of the memory assigned to that inspection area, and this value thus designates a defect. The memory can thus be made quite simple in layout, since it need merely have a number of memory cells that matches the number of inspection areas.
The size of the inspection areas may naturally be specified from one printing job to the next or even changed during one printing job. The larger the number of inspection areas, the finer the defect detection grid. The grid formation may preferably be done as a function of the image subject; that is, a simple printed image does not require fine screening but instead is satisfactorily detectable for the sake of defect detection by means of even a coarse grid of inspection areas. Complicated subjects should instead be covered by a closely spaced grid.
In a further feature of the invention, to form the inspection areas, the pixels representing the printed image in the X and Y coordinate directions are divided by the predeterminable number of pixels per inspection area in the X and in the Y direction. The entire printed image is composed of many pixels which are distributed in the X and Y directions. Superimposed on this pixel structure is the imaginary grid of inspection areas. Within one inspection area, a certain number of pixels are located in the X direction and a certain number in the Y direction. If the entire number of pixels with respect to the X coordinate is divided by the number of pixels in the X coordinate direction of an inspection area, or in other words if integer division occurs, then the number of inspection areas located along the X coordinate direction is thus defined. A corresponding determination of the number of divisions in the Y direction is attained by dividing the total number of pixels in the Y direction by the number of pixels in the Y direction within one inspection area.
It is advantageous if the address of an inspection area affected by a defect or more than one defect is ascertained by means of a locating circuit, which calculates the modulo of the pixel coordinates of the location of the defect, i.e. of the number of pixels of the width and height of an inspection field. In this way, the affected inspection area can be dismissed very simply. The following example will serve, in which the numbers given do not match actual practice but instead have been chosen for the greatest possible simplicity: the total number of pixels of the printed image in the X direction is 500, with each of the inspection areas having a width of 50 pixels. In the Y direction, there are 300 pixels, and once again the height of each inspection area is 50 pixels. Hence 10×6=60 inspection areas are formed in the X times Y direction.
If a defect is now located for instance at the pixel that corresponds to the X coordinate 275 and the Y coordinate 125, and if these pixel coordinates are calculated as modulo of the number of pixels of the width and height (50 in each case) of a inspection area, then the result in the X coordinate direction is 275/50=5 with a remainder of 25, and in the Y coordinate direction 125/50=2 with a remainder of 25. After adding 1, the defect is located in the sixth inspection area from the right, specifically in the third row of rows of inspection areas located one below the other; thus this inspection area has the address (
6
,
3
). The remainder of 25 discarded in each case is not of any significance in determining the defect by means of the inspection areas; it designates the number of pixels, in each case calculated fro
Bucher Harald
Geissler Wolfgang
Grossmann Hans-Peter
Huber Werner
Kistler Bernd
Greenberg Laurence A.
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Mayback Gregory L.
Patel Jayanti K.
Stemer Werner H.
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