Fluid reaction surfaces (i.e. – impellers) – Rotary skin friction type
Reexamination Certificate
2000-06-16
2001-11-20
Ryznic, John E. (Department: 3745)
Fluid reaction surfaces (i.e., impellers)
Rotary skin friction type
C416S126000, C415S090000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06318962
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention refers to aerodynamic devices and effects on moving bodies on the atmosphere through which they move. More particularly the invention refers to a rotary device with revolutional symmetry cooperating with a substantially planar element positioned adjacent to one end of the rotary device and which, under rotation induces a field of velocity in the fluid surrounding It thereby creating a pressure differential between the opposite surfaces of said substantially planar element, thus resulting in a force being generated perpendicular to one of the surfaces of the planar element, which force can be used for supporting, lifting, and/or moving an object
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An example of an example of an aerodynamic device of the prior art, which produces an aerodynamic force as a result of its movement with respect to the surrounding fluid is a propeller blade of an aircraft. When in movement, the air pressure on one of the surfaces is higher than on the other, which results in a force used, in that case, and/or propelling the aircraft. As known to those skilled in the art and disclosed in aerodynamics related literature a drag force of approximately 10 to 15 times less than the resulting lift force is required for maintaining an airfoil at constant velocity, both the lift force and drag force varying in dependence to the square of the velocity, this is to say the lift force being greater than the drag force. This is expressed by the formula:
L=K
L
.v
2
(1)
where L is the lift
1
K
L
is the proportionality constant for the lift force and v is velocity.
In the same way, the drag is given by:
F=Kd.v
2
, (2)
wherein K
D
is the proportionality constant for the drag force, v is the velocity, and F is the drag force.
The loss in power or wasted power varies with the cube of the velocity and may be calculated using the following formula:
P=F.v (3)
wherein P is the wasted power, F is the drag and v is velocity.
Replacing in the formula for wasted power (P=F.v), the formula describing the drag force (F=Kd.v
2
), it follows that
P=F.v=K
D.v
3
(4)
which shows that the wasted power in devices of the prior art is proportional to the cube of the velocity.
On the other hand, the performance of an airfoil also depends on shape, chordwise section, angle of attack, flap design among other variables.
Therefore it would be desirable to create a device capable of generating an aerodynamic force that can be used, for instance, to support or lift bodies or carriers, consuming less power than that required in the devices of the state of the art and without regard to the many performance variables which are required in its design and construction of the same.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention results from a knowledge of aerodynamic circulation and the flow pattern induced by a rough cylinder rotating rapidly in still air. The rotational movement of the rotor causes the fluid in which the device is immersed to assume a rotational movement, the velocity of the fluid layer that is in contact with the rotor is equal to the velocity of a point at the surface of the cylinder.
A device for generating an aerodynamic force is provided with less power consumption, this latter not being proportional to the cube of the velocity as expressed by the formula (4) above. In the device of the present invention the drag is only due to the viscosity component, which is proportional to the velocity. Thus,
F=K.v (5)
wherein F is the drag, K is the proportionality constant, and v is the velocity.
Again, replacing in (3) the expression (5) it follows:
P=F.v=K.v
2
, (6)
whence the wasted power varies only with the square of the velocity and not with its cube.
Moreover it should be noted that constant K in (6) is a lot smaller than K
D
in (4) since the drag force opposing the rotation is of viscous origin, being proportional to the velocity and not to the velocity squared. It follows that the device of the invention is more efficient, i.e. wastes less power, than the devices of the prior art.
The device of the present invention basically comprises two bodies held in stacked arrangement by conventional coupling means, one or both of which can be driven for rotary movement by a motor device which can be mounted inside or externally to the device by conventional mounting hardware, the lower body being also able to rotate. In one embodiment, the upper or top of the device rotates with respect to a lower body. In another embodiment both the main components can be mounted to rotate thus forming a single compact construction. The first body and the second body will be referred to henceforth as the rotor element and the substantially planar element of the device, respectively.
Accordingly the device of the present invention is formed by a rotor element and a substantially planar element in operative connection, the fluid being separated into two regions, so that the movement of the fluid in the region above the surface of the planar element will not induce, in the fluid of the region below it a movement with similar characteristics. Thus, the fluid in the region below the surface of the planar element can be considered to be motionless, whereas that in the region above the surface is in motion due to the rotation of the rotor element as already described.
Since the higher the velocity of the fluid the lower its pressure according to the Bernoulli effect, it follows that the fluid in the region below the substantially planar element exerts a pressure on the latter which is greater than the pressure exerted by the fluid in the region above the planar element. This difference in pressure results in a force that acts on the surface of the substantially planar element, opposite to the one close to the rotor element. Depending mainly upon the velocity of rotation of the rotor element and upon the dimensions of both the rotor element and the planar element, the resulting force can be capable of supporting in air bodies weighing more than one ton.
The shape of the rotor element is determined by a generatrix such that the same has revolution symmetry and having upper and lower end portions. Consequently, the shape of the rotor element can be a cylinder, a cone, a portion of a sphere or any other shape provided that the rotor fulfills the symmetry condition with respect to at least one axis thereof. Accordingly the rotor can have different transverse cross-sectional areas at different heights. The upper end portion of the rotor is closed while the lower end can be open or closed depending upon whether the motor will be mounted internally or externally to the device.
The second main component of the device is of substantially plane shape having upper and lower opposite faces. Differently from the rotor element the substantially planar element can be of irregular form in transverse cross section provided that its average diameter is greater than the average diameter of any of the aforementioned transverse cross-sectional areas of the rotor, the latter being placed at any position with respect to the upper face of the base. This is to say the axis of the rotor can be shifted from the centre of the base.
The aforementioned motor is provided within the rotor or externally to the device on the lower side of the substantially planar element or distal side of the rotor element for rotational movement of the rotor with respect to the base. According to a further embodiment of the invention the substantially planar element and rotor element can rotate together when in compact construction the device having a continuous wall.
The preferred configuration for this invention comprises a rotatory cylinder and a disc which forms the substantially planar element of the device, the motor being housed within the cylinder. The rotor element is mounted such that the bottom part thereof is spaced from the substantially planar element by a gap, enabling rotation of the roto
Ryznic John E.
Smith , Gambrell & Russell, LLP
LandOfFree
Device for generating an aerodynamic force by rotational... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Device for generating an aerodynamic force by rotational..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Device for generating an aerodynamic force by rotational... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2580685