Gas and liquid contact apparatus – Fluid distribution – Pumping
Patent
1989-07-21
1991-12-17
Miles, Tim
Gas and liquid contact apparatus
Fluid distribution
Pumping
261 76, 261DIG75, B01F 304
Patent
active
050733095
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is a device for transfer from a gaseous to a liquid phase. The gaseous phase dissolves in the liquid phase and subsequently reacts in the liquid phase.
This device is designed mainly to carry out treatments such as chemical, biological and metabolic reactions that include the transfer from a gaseous phase to a liquid phase. The liquid phase can be industrial or potable water.
Many treatments make use of chemical or biological transformations which require the inclusion, in the reaction medium of a gaseous composition needed for the chemical, biochemical and metabolic reactions of the microorganisms present in the reaction medium that the liquid phase represents. The device of the invention is particularly useful for aerobic treatment of water. To be effective, the systems require intimate mixing of the two phases.
2. Related Art
There are known devices such as surface aerators having stationary or floating turbines, which may run slow or fast, or use brushes, immersed systems which require injection of air such as static ventilators, vibrator valves and porous atomisers and the circulating systems using self-priming pumps with stationary or mobile jets.
The known devices provide homogeneous mixtures at the expense of a high consumption of energy.
There are known devices that use a venturi ejector to ensure the aeration of the liquid phase. They are more economical in energy consumption than the devices cited above.
The intrinsic performances of aeration equipment can be appraised through two criteria, namely:
1) The specific utilization of kilograms of oxygen per kilowatt-hour; and
2) The transfer coefficient in seconds .sup.-1.
The transfer coefficient by definition relates to the rate of variation of concentration to the difference between the concentration and the concentration corresponding to that of saturation of the gaseous phase in the liquid phase. The apparatus customarily used has raw specific utilization generally between 0.8 and 1.8 kilograms of oxygen per kilowatt-hour.
A study made by WANG, et al in 1978, and published in Chem. Eng. Sci., 33,945 in 1978, showed that coefficients of transfer as high as 0.22 second .sup.-1 could be obtained by using bubble columns equipped with static mixers for velocities of liquid and of gas respectively equal to 0.17 meter per second and 0.25 meter per second. The most popular devices which are the classical venturi or the porous atomiser, make it possible to obtain transfer coefficients between about 0.06 and 0.13 second .sup.-1.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The object of this invention is to improve the performance of the devices for transfer from a gaseous phase to a liquid phase. According to the invention, a device for dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid phase comprises at least one venturi ejector comprising a convergent nozzle for admitting a liquid, a neck with means for admitting a gas, a divergent nozzle, and an extension of the divergent nozzle with an extension piece of a diameter equal to or larger than the diameter of the end of the divergent nozzle in communication with the end of the divergent nozzle. The device is used in a substantially vertical position, with the flow of the liquid phase in a downward direction.
The device is immersed in the liquid phase.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The liquid phase is introduced by a pump to the inlet of the convergent nozzle at an initial velocity adapted to the venturi. The gaseous phase is introduced into the neck of the venturi. The gaseous phase can be absorbed by the liquid phase, which then plays the part of driving fluid, or introduced by the combined action of pressure and suction due to the flow of the liquid phase. The divergent nozzle ensures a mixture of both phases. The extension piece placed at the exit of the divergent nozzle reinforces the effect of the venturi by providing a large zone of contact in a relatively confined space, which makes it possible to obtain better gas/liquid transfer tha
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Bousquet Jacques
Catros Alain
Huynh Le Xuan
Secq Alain
ELF France
Miles Tim
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