Surgery – Diagnostic testing
Patent
1997-04-02
2000-10-03
Nasser, Robert L.
Surgery
Diagnostic testing
600301, 600322, 600481, 600485, 600490, 600493, 600494, 600500, 600503, 600544, 600549, 600561, 600529, 600532, 600538, A61B 500
Patent
active
061265950
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a device for diagnosing an organism and controlling the physiological state thereof, the devices operating by extracting the physiological state from the organism's pulse waves, diagnosing the condition of the organism and carrying out control of the physiological state thereof after taking into consideration the cyclic fluctuation which occurs naturally in the physiological state of that organism.
2. Prior Art
Blood pressure, heart rate and the like are most typically used when diagnosing the condition of the circulatory system in the human body. Emphasis has conventionally been placed on such easily measured indicators as maximum and minimum blood pressures, blood pulse rate and the like which are obtained from the body, as one type of criterion for determining the state of the circulatory system and, in a wider sense, the condition of the organism. However, when carrying out a more specific diagnosis, it becomes necessary to measure circulatory parameters such as the viscous resistance of the blood vessel, compliance and the like. This will be explained further below.
The pressure waveform and blood flow rate at the proximal portion of the aorta and at the site of insertion of a catheter into an artery are frequently measured in order to measure physiological state indicators such as the circulatory parameters. For this purpose, a direct method of measurement, in which a catheter is inserted into an artery, or an indirect method employing ultrasound waves, may be applied. However, in the case of a method employing catheter insertion into an artery, it is necessary to subject the organism to an invasive and large device. On the other hand, while a method employing ultrasound or the like allows a non invasive observation of blood flow inside the blood vessels, this method is complicated by the fact that it requires training and, moreover, necessitates a large device to carry out the measurements.
As research on blood pulse waves has progressed, it has become clear that a variety of physiological conditions, not obtainable from blood pressure values and blood pulse rate alone, can be gotten by using a variety of methods to analyze blood pulse waveforms obtained from the human body. Diagnosis can then be made based on these physiological states. A "blood pulse wave" is the blood flow wave which is pumped out from the heart and propagates through a blood vessel. It is known that various medical information can be obtained by detecting and analyzing blood pulse waves. In particular, when measuring blood pulse waves at the periphery of an organism's body, the fingertip plethysmogram, the blood pulse wave of the radius artery, or the like are measured. However, there are a variety of other sites on the human body at which the blood pulse wave can be measured. In addition, there are a variety of forms which a blood pulse wave may take, three examples of which are shown in FIGS. 1A through 1C. The Ping mai, Hua mai and Xuan mai shown respectively in FIGS. 1A through 1C may be cited as representative blood pulse waveforms as categorized in Chinese medicine, a medical learning which is recognized in both the East and the West. "Ping mai" as used here indicates the waveform obtained from a healthy subject, with the blood pulse wave example shown in FIG. 1A measured in a 34 year old male test subject. As shown in the figure, a Ping mai is relaxed, and exhibits a constant rhythm without disruption. The Hua mai, on the other hand, is caused by an abnormality in the flow of blood in which the movement of the blood through the vessel becomes extremely smooth due to a mammary tumor, liver or kidney ailment, respiratory ailment, stomach or intestinal ailment, inflammation, or some other illness. The blood pulse wave shown in FIG. 1B is a typical example of a Hua mai, and was taken from a 28 year old male. As shown in the figure, the waveform of a Hua mai exhibits a sharp, rapid rise, and then falls off immediately. The aortic notch is d
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Amano Kazuhiko
Ishiyama Hitoshi
Uebaba Kazuo
Nasser Robert L.
Seiko Epson Corporation
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