Liquid purification or separation – Flow – fluid pressure or material level – responsive – Fluid pressure responsive by-pass
Patent
1986-10-14
1988-09-20
Fisher, Richard V.
Liquid purification or separation
Flow, fluid pressure or material level, responsive
Fluid pressure responsive by-pass
137118, 210222, 210254, C02F 148
Patent
active
047723874
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a device for conditioning water containing calcium carbonate, this treatment consisting in making the water circulate along a helicoidal path through a magnetic field created by a column of permanent magnets, separated from each other by intercalated blocks and superposed in such a manner that their adjacent poles are of the same kind, these magnets being accomodated within a first tubular element, of electrically insulating material, this device comprising a second tubular element coaxial with the first, arranged so as to provide an annular space between the first and the second tubular element.
The present invention also relates to an installation constructed by means of various combinations of several of these devices.
Various devices of this type are already known which all have the object of effecting water treatment whereby to avoid a calcareous deposit on the inner wall surfaces of pipes and tanks or on electric resistance elements of hot water generators.
One of these devices is described in the European patent application published under No. 119 368. A column of permanent magnets separated by blocks of soft iron, is surrounded by a jacket of insulating material placed within a metallic tubular element. An inlet chamber is provided with two tangential openings to permit the flow of water through the annular space situated between the jacket and the tubular element.
One of the conditions to be met for the device to operate efficiently, is for the water to circulate around the column of permanent magnets while following a helicoidal path with a small pitch, in order to allow the magnets to act (Lorentz forces) on the ions in solution, and to concentrate them in the toric zones corresponding to their charges.
The calcium carbonate colloids, of positive charge, will be covered with negative ions in the ad hoc zones, and their electrostatic repulsion will be weakened to the point that they will be able to agglomerate, and form cristallization nuclei in the fluid stream, without being deposited on the conduit walls.
Certain known systems have resorted to artifices of the baffle type to produce helicoidal flow. One of these systems is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,660. Several columns of magnets are surrounded by a helicoidal guide member disposed in the annular space surrounding the columns of magnets, in order to force the water passing through for conditioning to follow a helicoidal path.
A drawback of the known systems is their complicated design so that the assembly costs are relatively high.
Another drawback of the systems which comprise no helicoidal guide member is that the flow path greatly depends on the flow rate. The flow characteristics are not the same at a low rate and a high operating range.
Now, the efficiency of the prior art systems is narrowly linked to their operating range, that is to say, to the flow rate of water circulating in the conduits which is, of course, extremely variable in domestic installations. Consequently, the efficiency of known systems is often aleatory.
It is moreover known that an impurity fixed to a wall consisting of metallic iron in contact with water constitutes an anodic zone which dissolves the metal and makes place for iron hydroxide ll Fe(OH).sub.2 in presence of aerated water, and also for iron hydroxide lll Fe(OH).sub.3 in presence of aerated water. Under certain conditions, Fe(OH).sub.2 may be converted to Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, or magnetite, which constitutes an oxide forming a very resistant layer.
By preventing the inscrustation of CaCo.sub.3 on the metal, one prevents corrosion from being established because the inner surface of the piping remains clean. Consequently, the magnetic conditioner acts indirectly on corrosion.
The corrosion zones and the zones of passivation or immunity of iron in water are also known from the Pourbaix diagram, described by G. Poirier in the "Precis de protection cathodique S.T.E.C.P.A." (Paris, 1962), in pages 30 to 33.
It is known to be of particular interest to be under passivation condi
REFERENCES:
patent: 3088481 (1963-05-01), Brueckner et al.
patent: 3680705 (1972-08-01), Happ et al.
patent: 3714953 (1973-02-01), Solvang
patent: 3804257 (1974-04-01), Sommermeyer
patent: 3923660 (1975-12-01), Kottmeier
Fisher Richard V.
Jones W. Gary
Sonnay Gilbert
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