Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
Patent
1990-05-31
1995-05-23
Warden, Robert J.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
422180, 422197, 422222, B01J 804
Patent
active
054179386
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a device for carrying out catalyzed reactions and to the use of devices of this kind.
Catalytic solid bed reactors represent an important field of use of the invention, for example for oxidation or hydrogenation reactions.
The reaction space of known embodiments of reactors of this kind contains fills of solid catalyst particulates which are spherical or pellet-shaped, for example, and around which the reactants flow.
On the one hand, considerable pressure drops occur in reactors of this kind, while on the other there is no homogeneous temperature distribution over the reactor cross section. A further disadvantage lies in the fact that there is no uniform concentration distribution over the reactor cross section, so that the required end product yield is not as high as it could be.
Finally, a considerable number of the usual chemical reactions are exothermic and thus give rise to local overheating in the reactor bed (so-called hot spots). This limits the useful life of the catalyst materials and reduces selectivity, particularly in oxidation reactions.
In order to limit the effects of the local overheating occurring in this case, i.e. to improve the conduction of heat to the reactor walls, a number of tubes with catalyst fills, around which a heat-absorbing medium flows, are usually arranged in the reaction space. However an embodiment of this kind is extremely expensive to operate and produce.
If the layers of the actual devices are to be formed from catalyst material, this depends on the possibility of shaping the material as required in a simple manner. Materials of this kind may also be very expensive.
The object of the invention is to provide a device which permits advantageous utilization of the catalyst materials and a long useful life when carrying out catalyzed reactions and allows a wide range of catalyst materials to be used.
Briefly, the invention provides a device for catalyzed reactions comprising a plurality of layers disposed in parallel relation with flow channels between the layers for reactants and with each layer defining an interspace therein. In addition, a catalyst material is disposed in each interspace of each layer. Further, each layer is made of a material impermeable to the catalyst material and permeable to the reactants to permit a catalyzed reaction to occur in a respective interspace.
In one embodiment, a plurality of guide elements space the layers from each other while at the same time defining the flow channels. In this embodiment, each layer has a pair of flat parallel walls defining a pocket-like interspace.
In another embodiment, each layer has a pair of corrugated walls defining a respective interspace with at least some of the walls being in contact with an adjacent wall of an adjacent layer to define the flow channels.
In the embodiment employing guide elements, the respective elements may be in the form of a corrugated plate, a rod element, and/or a plate disposed perpendicular and between a pair of adjacent layers.
In either embodiment, each layer may be made of one of wire cloth and knitted wire fabric. Alternatively, each layer may be made of a material selected from the group consisting of metal, glass and plastic. Also, each layer may be made of non-woven plastic or non-woven glass fibers. Still further, each layer may be made of a porous material, a semipermeable membrane or a sintered material.
The catalyst material may be selected from the group consisting of solid particles, liquids including materials dissolved in a liquid and gases. Still further, the catalyst material may be a polymerized solid or may be a porous ceramic or a sintered structure.
The devices for catalyzed reactions may be used in a catalytic reactor as well as a catalytic rectifying column.
In the case of a catalytic reactor having a housing with an admission space for reactants and a delivery space for drawing off reactant product, a plurality of tubes are disposed to connect the two spaces with each other while a plurality of the catalyzed reaction devices are
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Shelden Ronald
Stringaro Jean-Paul
Hand Francis C.
Sulzer Brothers Limited
Thornton Krisanne M.
Warden Robert J.
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