Device and process for producing cold and/or heat by solid-gas r

Details Device and process for producing cold and/or heat by solid-gas r Device and process for producing cold and/or heat by solid-gas r

1989-02-27

1990-12-11

King, Lloyd L.

Refrigeration

Refrigeration producer

Sorbent type

16510412, F25B 1708

Patent

active

049761170

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a device and a process for producing cold and/or heat by solid-gas reaction.
The device and the process to which the invention relates are based on the use of the system known as a "thermochemical pump", whose main characteristics are the following: is optionally employed only for the circulation of the heat-transfer fluids, ##STR1## is employed as a "chemical motor".
The reaction is exothermic in the direction (1), which means that in this direction it produces heat, and endothermic in the direction (2), that is to say that in this direction it produces cold.
A system of this kind enables energy to be stored in chemical form and offers varied fields of application.
Moreover, a system of this kind permits, starting with a heat source at the temperature Ts, the production of heat at the temperature Tu such that:
In this case, the system is called a "chemical heat pump".
A system of this kind also makes it possible, starting with a heat source at the temperature T's, to produce heat at the temperature T'u such that:
In this case, the system is called a "chemical heat converter".
By virtue of this system, it is possible to produce refrigeration energy from a heat source and simultaneously to produce, from a heat source at the temperature T"s, heat at the temperature T"u (T"u<T"s) and refrigeration energy.
According to the cases, the use of the heat or of the cold produced is simultaneous with the consumption of energy at high temperature (Ts, T's, T"s) or delayed in time (storage effect).
The principle of the thermochemical pump will be recalled first of all.
For better understanding of the system, the following two cases will be considered in succession: evaporation+condensation).


The production of cold by the use of a solid+gas reaction

Under given temperature and pressure conditions, certain solids can react with certain gases; this reaction results in the formation of a defined, generally solid, chemical compound, and is accompanied by a release of heat.
When, under other temperature and pressure conditions, heat is introduced into the compound thus formed, a gas release and the formation of the original solid product are observed.
The operation of the system takes place, therefore, in two stages which are offset in time (see FIG. 1).
In the first stage, called an "evaporation synthesis stage", evaporation of a refrigerant fluid takes place simultaneously with the reaction of the gas thus formed with the solid:
<S> sol.+(G).fwdarw.<S, G> sol. (I)
The fluid F1 supplies the heat .DELTA.HL to the evaporator E.
The compound [G] evaporates and the gas formed is fixed in the reactor A on the solid <S> to give the compound <S,G>.
Within the reactor R the reaction is accompanied by a release of heat .DELTA.HR, the latter being removed by the fluid F2.
The cold source is therefore the evaporator E, the cold being employed directly or indirectly by starting with the fluid F1.
In the case of a process intended to supply heat, the heat .DELTA.HR is employed.
In the case of a refrigeration machine, the heat .DELTA.HL is employed.
In the second stage, known as a "decomposition-condensation stage", decomposition of the solid <S,G> takes place simultaneously with the release of gas (G) in the reactor R and condensation of (G) in the condenser C:
The heat .DELTA.HR is contributed to the solid <S,G> contained in the reactor R by the fluid F3 (or the fluid F2 employed previously).
Under the effect of the heat, the compound (G) is released and condenses in C, the condensation being accompanied by the release of heat .DELTA.HL, the latter being removed by the fluid F4.
In the case of a process intended to supply heat, HL is employed.
The thermodynamic characteristics of this system are the following:
Since a true chemical reaction between a solid and a gas is present, there is a monovariant system at equilibrium, that is to say that an unambiguous relationship exists between the temperature and the pressure, of the form: degrees K), A and B being const

REFERENCES:
patent: 2469459 (1950-02-01), Kleen
patent: 4178987 (1979-12-01), Bowman et al.
patent: 4183227 (1980-01-01), Bouvin et al.
patent: 4319626 (1982-03-01), Papazian et al.
patent: 4623018 (1986-11-01), Takeshita et al.
patent: 4694659 (1987-09-01), Shelton
patent: 4701199 (1987-10-01), Kabe et al.

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