Optical waveguides – With optical coupler – Plural
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-18
2002-08-06
Palmer, Phan T. H. (Department: 2874)
Optical waveguides
With optical coupler
Plural
C385S037000, C385S003000, C372S006000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06430336
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a device and method for minimizing optical channel drift in a wavelength division multiplexed communication system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fiber-optic communication networks are experiencing rapidly increasing deployment. Especially rapid is the growth of network segments that carry multi-gigabit digital data on multiple wavelengths over a single fiber strand. Such segments are predominantly comprised of point-to-point fiber-optic links. Data-modulated optical signals originated at one end propagate through the fiber medium to the opposite end.
The dominant data modulation format in optical systems has been non-return to zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK). In an NRZ-OOK format a binary ‘one’ is represented by light being ‘on’ and a binary ‘zero’ by light being ‘off’. This format exhibits good spectral efficiency in multi-wavelength systems, sufficient distance capability, and straightforward implementation.
When longer transmission distances are required, such as in submarine and long-haul terrestrial fiber-optic links, the NRZ-OOK format is typically modified by returning the ‘one’ level to ‘zero’ within each bit period (RZ-OOK), and possibly by adding some amount of optical phase modulation to each bit. This modulation format shows an enhanced distance reach, at the expense of more complicated components and reduced spectral efficiency.
The industry has explored other modulation formats that would allow for an increase in spectral efficiency by permitting denser packing of wavelength channels. While this does typically reduce transmission distance before electrical regeneration is required, many terrestrial links are already length-limited by network design constraints. Also, one of the fundamental limitations to this approach is the occurrence of direct cross talk between adjacent channels due to their spectral characteristics and to the finite rejection of selector filters.
One format attempting to reduce spectral bandwidth is known as multi-level (M-level) amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation. This produces optical spectrum compression by a factor of approximately log
2
(M). The drawback is a rather severe degradation in susceptibility to noise produced by optical amplifiers, to the point of imposing unachievable optical noise characteristics. This method also requires receivers with multiple decision levels, which is a difficult accomplishment at gigabit bit rates.
Phase-shaped binary transmission (PSBT) is another approach to improving spectral efficiency. PSBT leaves some residual optical power in the ‘zero’ bit, but imposes a ‘•’ phase shift at the center of this bit. This reduces optical bandwidth by a factor of about 2, and increases spectral efficiency by a factor of about 1.5 compared to conventional OOK systems. The PSBT format also provides for an improved tolerance to dispersion. The tradeoff, however, is that PSBT uses a transmitter that typically requires radio frequency (RF) signal processing. Also, PSBT requires signal matching to both arms of a Mach-Zehnder modulator.
Frequency-division multiplexing is a technique commonly used in the cable industry for transmission of multiple Megahertz-range data signals. Each Megahertz-range data stream is modulated onto an independent RF carrier and combined with other such signals in the RF domain. The composite signal then modulates an optical carrier. Such system can achieve very high spectral efficiency, but, as with the multi-level modulation, the performance penalties make it impractical for long-distance gigabit transport.
Another significant challenge in any high-density wavelength multiplexed system is maintaining the individual channel frequencies (wavelengths) locked to prevent their drifting into adjacent channels. This is particularly problematic when one considers operating at high data rates and spectral efficiencies, e.g. 10 GB/s channels at 10 GHz channel separation (1 bit/Hz spectral efficiency). Known systems and modulation methods fail to adequately prevent wavelength drifting.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a system and method of modulating an optical signal that provides high channel density, i.e. spectral efficiency, and excellent signal transmission performance in multi-wavelength optical communication systems. There is a further need in the art for a system and method for minimizing channel drift in wavelength division multiplexed communication systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An optical device for minimizing channel drift consistent with the invention includes: a laser providing an output signal including a plurality of optical channels; a plurality of phase modulators for receiving the laser output signal, each of which is configured to provide an associated modulated optical signal including the optical channels in the laser output signal; and a plurality of optical filters. Each of the filters receives an associated one of the modulated optical signals and is configured to select an associated one of the optical channels as an optical filter output signal.
A method of minimizing channel drift in a wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system consistent with the invention includes: providing an optical signal including a plurality of optical channels; coupling a plurality of modulators to the optical signal, each modulator being configured to provide an associated modulated signal including the optical channels; and coupling each modulated signal to an associated optical filter configured to select an associated one of the optical channels as an optical filter output signal.
REFERENCES:
patent: 6222861 (2001-04-01), Kuo et al.
Cammarata Micahel R.
Ciena Corporation
Palmer Phan T. H.
Soltz David L.
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