Liquid purification or separation – With gas-liquid surface contact means – With separator
Patent
1990-04-05
1991-09-17
Silverman, Stanley S.
Liquid purification or separation
With gas-liquid surface contact means
With separator
210259, 210262, 210307, 210311, 210903, C02F 330
Patent
active
050492667
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The object of the invention is to provide an efficient method of microbiological water treatment and a simply constructed, compact, and easy to use device for its accomplishment, which is particularly suited for modular construction.
This object is accomplished by a method in which water is successively subjected to a mechanical separation of solids, a microbiological denitrification in a fixed bed reactor, an enrichment with oxygen and a microbiological nitrification in a fixed bed reactor.
Through the mechanical separation of solids, undissolved impurities are removed from the water and kept away from the microbiological water treatment stage, whereby its effectiveness is improved. By virtue of the microbiological denitrification under anoxic conditions, nitrates present in the water are transformed to gaseous nitrogen and the nitrate level of the water is accordingly reduced. This is accomplished very efficiently in an overflowed fixed bed reactor. The subsequent enrichment of the water with oxygen creates the prerequisite for an effective microbiological nitrification under aerobic conditions in a further fixed bed reactor, in which ammonia built up by decomposition of biological substances containing nitrogen is oxidized through nitrite to nitrate. On the whole, this results in an efficient decomposition of nitrogen compounds contaminating the water. Subsequent to the microbiological nitrification, the water can be recirculated in partial stream for microbiological denitrification in order to produce an advantageous return of water containing nitrates.
The device developed by the invention for microbiological water treatment has a sedimentation compartment, into which water under high pressure is introduced through a feeder, a flooded first fixed bed reactor located above the sedimentation compartment for microbiological denitrification, which is flowed through from below, an overflow device located above the first fixed bed reactor, connected to a sprinkler system located above a second fixed bed reactor designed as a drip device for microbiological nitrification, and a catch basin with a drain under the second fixed bed reactor. By virtue of this device, microbiological water treatment is preceded by a simply designed, highly effective separation of solids through sedimentation in the sedimentation compartment. Through the sprinkling of water in the sprinkling system provided above the second fixed bed reactor, the water is divided in a non-continuous stream, stripped of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases dissolved in the water, and enriched with oxygen in a simple process. The fact that the fixed bed reactor of the microbiological denitrification stage is a rising flow device and the fixed bed reactor of the nitrification stage a gravity-fed drip device is a significant advantage in light of the necessary pumping capacity and a compact system design.
In the feeder of the device developed by the invention there can be installed, in addition to the previously mentioned sedimentation compartment, an additional mechanical solid separator, in particular a filter, preferably a thin layer filter or a microsieve. The separation of solids serves to free the water to be treated from coarse solid waste up to impurities in colloidal form, and to keep these substances away from the microbiological water treatment stage. An additional mechanical solid separation device can also be installed in the drain thereof. There exists for example the possibility of constructing the catch basin itself as a sedimentation container, or to provide a sedimentation sink downstream of the catch basin. Alternatively or additionally, a filtering or microsieving of the water treated may also occur in the drain. The water is thus completely freed from solids generated by the microbiological water treatment, in particular immobilized biomass swept along from the fixed bed reactors.
The fixed bed reactor lying in the denitrification zone is preferably a block consisting of segments which enclose vertically rising closed channels
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Song et al., "Media Design Factors for Fixed Bed Filters"-Journal Water Pollution Control Federation, vol. 58, No. 2, Feb. 1986.
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Walker, Jr. et al., "Biological Treatment of Nitrate Wastewater Using Fluidized Bed Bioreactors", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, No. 11, May 1981.
Gotz Helmut
Scheibinger Ludwig
Steinbach Peter
Metz Mannheim GmbH
Silverman Stanley S.
Upton Christopher
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