Determination of sodium form water softener breakthrough

Details Determination of sodium form water softener breakthrough Determination of sodium form water softener breakthrough

1975-04-11

1976-06-22

Adee, John

Liquid purification or separation

With alarm, indicator, register, recorder, signal or...

Responsive to fluid flow

210 25, 210 96R, 210321R, B01D 1300

Patent

active

039649997

ABSTRACT:
Detection of exhaustion of sodium form water softeners is accomplished by subjecting sample of the outflow from a water softener to reverse osmosis in order to separate monovalent (sodium) and divalent (hardness or magnesium and calcium) ions differentially from the outflow and measuring conductivity before and after the reverse osmosis. The two conductivities are compared in a ratiometer or differential device. After the softener becomes exhausted the divalent ion concentration in the outflow increases. Consequently the conductivity ratio changes to indicate that the water softener has become exhausted.

REFERENCES:
patent: 2617766 (1952-11-01), Emmett et al.
patent: 3383310 (1968-05-01), Ammer
patent: 3398091 (1968-08-01), Greatorex
patent: 3495943 (1970-02-01), Kapff
patent: 3639231 (1972-02-01), Bresler
patent: 3768649 (1973-10-01), Fleckenstein

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