Detergents for low laundering temperatures

Details Detergents for low laundering temperatures Detergents for low laundering temperatures

1987-02-20

1989-04-11

Lieberman, Paul

Compositions

Fluent dielectric

N-containing

252529, 252548, 252525, 25217422, 25217425, 252 90, 252 91, C11D 326, C11D 328, C11D 318, C11D 330

Patent

active

048204366

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
As a result of the increasing preference for easy-care textiles made of synthetic fibers, and also as a result of the constantly increasing energy costs along with the rising environmental consciousness of detergent users, the previously customary boiling laundering has been increasingly displaced by laundering at 60.degree. C. In the case of many commercial detergents the applicability for textile laundering at 40.degree. C., 30.degree. C., or room temperature is also praised. In order to achieve satisfactory laundering results, comparable to those of laundering with boiling, especially high demands are imposed on the composition of the low temperature laundry detergents. Whereas for better removal of bleachable soils from the textiles, a cold bleach activator was added to the usual boilable laundry detergent containing perborate or percarbonate, or to the wash bath prepared with it, in order to improve the capability for washing out grease and pigmented soils at temperatures of about 60.degree.0 C. or less it was necessary to enhance the laundering power of the previously used surfactants with the aid of certain additives. Thus in U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,224, from 1975, addition of water-insoluble surfactant types from the group of anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants to the customary detergent formulations on the basis of inherently water-soluble surfactants was recommended. The water-insoluble nonionic surfactants also include ethoxylated alkylamines with C.sub.8 -C.sub.21 alkyl chains and with 1 to 6 mol added ethylene oxide, for example coconut alkylamine reacted with 2 mol ethylene oxide. In German Preliminary Published Application No. 2,703,020, reaction products of long-chain epoxyalkanes, having terminal or internal epoxy groups, with monoethanolamine or diethanolamine, or with aliphatic polyamines are described, wherein the reaction products can additionally be ethoxylated or propoxylated. Hydroxyalkylamines of this type, which are likewise poorly soluble in water, are recommended for intensifying the laundering power of anionic, nonionic and zwitterionic surfactants in laundry detergent preparations which are also suitable for laundering at lower temperatures. From European Patent Application No. 112,593, laundry detergents containing ethoxylated mono- and diamines as well as ethoxylated polyethyleneamines and polyethyleneimimes are known, which are water-soluble as a result of accumulation of polyglycol ether groups as well as the absence of long-chain hydrophobic groups. Detergents with these water-soluble ethoxylated amines added are said to be characterized by improved removal of clay-type pigments as well as by improved graying inhibition. In European Patent Application No. 121,949, among other things, tertiary amines with two C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 alkyl groups and a third, shorter alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group as well as quaternary ammonium compounds derived from this are described as laundering strength-enhancing additives to synthetic anionic surfactants. The two C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 alkyl groups in the tertiary amine can be linked with the nitrogen atom over 1 to 3 ethyleneoxy bridges, wherein it should be true that the pK.sub.a value of the tertiary amine is at least about one-half unit above the initial pH value of the wash bath.
Soap-containing detergents are known from U.S. Pat. No. 2,527,076 (German Pat. No. P 3748) which contain surfactants of the sulfonate or sulfate type as well as alkyl-substituted fatty acid amides which act as lime soap dispersants. Nonionic surfactants, especially those of low solubility in water, are not present in the agents. The use of fatty acid derivatives of aliphatic diamines and polyamines as well as their ethoxylates as cleaning enhancers in chemical cleaning is known from French Pat. No. 1,118,024. According to U.S. Pat. No. 3,454,494, the same compounds are used as scrooping additives to textile laundry detergents. Fatty acid derivatives of alkyl-substituted diamines and mixtures thereof with nonionic surfactants poorly soluble in water are not mentio

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