Detergent mixture of an alkylglycoside surfactant and an hydroxy

Details Detergent mixture of an alkylglycoside surfactant and an hydroxy Detergent mixture of an alkylglycoside surfactant and an hydroxy

1991-03-07

1992-04-14

Lieberman, Paul

Compositions

Fluent dielectric

N-containing

252549, 252554, 25217417, C11D 112, C11D 183

Patent

active

051045850

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to detergent mixtures of nonionic surfactants, such as alkyl glycosides, and anionic surfactants, such as hydroxysulfonates, which are used as a constituent of phosphate-reduced detergents or cleaning preparations.
In the context of the invention, "phosphate-reduced" detergents are understood to be detergents which may contain at most 30% by weight alkali tripolyphosphates, but which may also be phosphate-free.
It is known from German patent application DE 19 61 855 that surfactant mixtures of two anionic surfactants, such as alkylbenzene sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates or secondary linear alkane sulfonates and alkyl ether sulfates, show synergistic properties in regard to foaming and detergent effects.
EP 0 070 074 A2 describes a detergent mixture of alkyl glycosides and anionic surfactants.
EP 0 075 995 A2 describes a detergent mixture of alkyl glycosides and nonionic surfactants.
EP 0 105 556 A1 describes a liquid detergent mixture containing anionic surfactants, alkyl glycosides, selected nonionic surfactants and, optionally, other additives.
At present, most detergents are still produced from petrochemical raw materials. Economically the most important detergent and also the most widely used detergent in the western world belongs to the class of alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) surfactants (consumption in the USA and Western Europe in 1980: 790,000 t).
Although ABS shows good wetting and foaming power, its compatibility with the skin is limited which can lead to allergies. In addition, ABS is only partly biodegradable.
The problem addressed by the present invention was to provide a detergent mixture of a nonionic surfactant, such as an alkyl glycoside, and an anionic surfactant, such as a hydroxysulfonate, which consists entirely of native, i.e. renewable, oleochemical raw materials. This detergent mixture is intended to replace detergents, such as ABS, which are produced solely from petrochemical, i.e. non-renewable, raw materials, in phosphate-reduced detergents and cleaning preparations.
The present invention relates to a detergent mixture containing primary alcohol radical and, more preferably, a fatty alkyl or fatty alkenyl radical containing 8 to 22 and preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms, reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms and hydroxysulfonate consisting entirely or predominantly of compounds corresponding to formula (II) or (III) ##STR2## in which y and z=0 or numbers of 1 to 18, p=0, 1 or 2 and the sum (y+z+p) is a number of 4 to 18, x=0 or a number of up to 30 and n may be an integer of 2 to 4, or alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of such compounds.
The detergent mixtures according to the invention show significantly better biodegradability than ABS in the closed bottle test and distinctly better compatibility with the skin in the epidermis swelling test, as demonstrated in the Examples.
In addition, phosphate-reduced detergents containing the detergent mixture according to the invention show better detergent performance than commercially available phosphate-reduced detergents based on ABS.
The detergent mixtures according to the invention may be mixed in any ratio to one another, the mixing ratio of alkyl glycoside to hydroxysulfonate being from 10:90% to 90:10%.
The products according to the invention remain liquid up to a content of 75% washing-active substance (WAS) whereas products based on ABS form precipitates and are no longer pumpable beyond a WAS content of 60%.
Alkyl glycosides suitable for the purposes of the invention are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,547,828 and 3,839,318. Particularly preferred alkyl glycosides are the products described in German patent application P 37 23 826.4 which have an alkyl monoglycoside content of more than 70% by weight (based on the total quantity of alkyl monoglycosides and alkyl oligoglycosides) and an average degree of oligomerization x of less than 1.5.
Typical alkyl glycosides are those in which alkyl stands for octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pe

REFERENCES:
patent: 4536318 (1985-08-01), Cook et al.
patent: 4565647 (1986-01-01), Llenado
patent: 4663069 (1987-05-01), Llendao
patent: 4732696 (1988-03-01), Urfer

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