Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Patent
1998-02-06
2000-02-01
Gupta, Yogendra
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
510376, 510471, 510472, 510475, 510476, 510470, 510531, 510474, C11D 322, C11D 718, C11D 754
Patent
active
060202955
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to detergent builder/activators. More specifically, this invention relates to detergent builder/activators derived by the oxidation and acylation of polysaccharides.
Many detergent compositions, particularly many domestic detergent compositions, have for many years comprised a significant proportion of a detergent builder to assist in, amongst other things, the complexation of the ions responsible for water hardness. The detergent builder was commonly a phosphate, such as sodium tripolyphosphate. However, in recent times, the presence of phosphates in detergents has come under increasingly close scrutiny on account of the apparent role of phosphates in the eutrophication of water courses and consequential environmental damage.
Compounds that have been proposed as alternatives or replacements for phosphates include chelating agents such as EDTA, zeolites, and threshold agents such as poly(acrylates). Each of these alternatives, however, has its own drawbacks which mitigate against its use. For example, concerns have been expressed about the role of chelating agents in the solubilisation into water courses of potentially toxic heavy metal ions. Poly(acrylates), although of generally low toxicity, suffer from a low degree of biodegradibility, leading to some concerns about their accumulation in the environment.
In addition to the concerns about detergent builders, there has also been increasing interest in the use of renewable resources in the manufacture of chemical compounds to, at least in part, reduce reliance on the petrochemical industry. In the field of detergent builders, much of this interest has focused on the use of starches as raw materials. For example, European patent application no. 0 542 496 discloses that starches can be oxidised, predominantly at the C6 position using nitric acid, sulphuric acid and a vanadium catalyst for use as a builder. European patent application no. 0 472 042 discloses that hydrolytically demolished starches and dextrins can be oxidised using hypochlorite or periodate/chlorite to produce detergent builders. Chromium (VI)-based oxidants have also been proposed for oxidising starches, see for example I Feher, Bor-Cipotech, Vol 11, 33, 65 (1961).
In addition to a detergent builder, many detergent compositions also comprise a bleaching system comprising a peroxygen oxidant and a bleach activator. The bleach activator is commonly a compound that reacts with the oxidant in use, typically at a pH of around 10, to produce an organic peracid. Many examples of such activators are known in the detergent field. Commonly the activator comprises one or more acetyl groups as in, for example, the common activators tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) or the acetylated sugar pentaacetyl glucose. One disadvantageous feature of conventional activators such as these is that once the peracid has been generated, the remainder of the molecule provides no additional benefit to the detergent solution.
Russian patent application no. SU 1035030 teaches that acetone-soluble cellulose acetates can be produced by first activating the cellulose by treatment with N.sub.2 O.sub.4 in glacial acetic acid, followed by acetylation with acetic anhydride. There is no teaching that the product produced has either builder or activator properties. Russian patent application no. SU 1435578 teaches that water-soluble cellulose derivatives can be obtained by first methylolating cellulose, followed by treatment of the methylolated cellulose with N.sub.2 O.sub.4 in dimethylsulphoxide, and then subsequent acylation with glacial acetic acid. The water-soluble celluloses are taught to be suitable for processing from solution into fibres and films. There is no teaching that the product has either builder or activator properties.
It is a first object of certain aspects of the present invention to provide a detergent builder/activator derived from a renewable resource such as a poly(saccharide).
It is a second object of further aspects of the present invention to provide a process for the production o
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Harrison Paul Richard
Martin Alasdair Stuart
Middleton Paul John
Sankey John Phillip
Garrett Dawn L.
Gupta Yogendra
Solvay Interox Limited
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