Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Heterocyclic carbon compound containing a hetero ring having...
Patent
1999-06-16
2000-07-04
McAvoy, Ellen M.
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Heterocyclic carbon compound containing a hetero ring having...
44348, C10L 122
Patent
active
060832878
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a bifunctional additive with detergent and corrosion-inhibiting functions which, added to engine fuels, greatly reduces problems related to the corrosion of certain parts of the engine and to the formation of deposits.
This is because the use of conventional fuels without detergent and corrosion-inhibiting additives promotes the accumulation of deposits in the induction system, in particular at the injectors, which become fouled, or even in the combustion chamber, resulting from the presence of polar aromatic compounds and of traces of lubricants.
The accumulation of deposits has a detrimental effect on the quality of evaporation of the fuel, which causes an increase in consumption, an increase in the emission of pollutants and of smoke, which is significantly greater during acceleration, and, finally, a not insignificant increase in noise.
To overcome this problem of fouling of the engine, it is possible to periodically clean the fouled components and particularly the injectors but, in the long run, this method becomes very expensive.
Another method for reducing fouling by deposits in engines and in particular on the injectors is to introduce, into the fuel, additives of detergent type with the role of being absorbed on the metal surfaces in order to prevent the formation of deposits (preventive effect) and/or to remove the deposits already formed by cleaning the injectors (curative effect). Thus, among the additives used in fuels, and even in lubricants, the products resulting from the condensation of polyalkenylsuccinic anhydrides with polyamines, such as tetraethylenepentamine, described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,172,892, are more particularly known. While these additives give good results in limiting the formation of deposits on new injectors, they nevertheless remain rather ineffective in cleaning injectors which are already fouled.
Other detergent additives, described in Patent EP 613,938, are composed of succinic diamides substituted by polyalkylenes, preferably polyisobutenes comprising from 35 to 300 carbon atoms, the diamide resulting from the condensation of a secondary amine of N-alkylpiperazine type either with a substituted succinic acid or an anhydride or a derived monoamide or ester; these additives are preferably used in petrol-type fuels.
In addition, such compounds are known for their dispersing properties in lubricants, as is described in Patent EP 72,645.
However, while these compounds are good deter-gents, they do not completely prevent deposit formation and have a limited, or even zero, curative effect. The present invention is thus aimed at a bifunctional additive with detergent and corrosion-inhibiting properties which is compatible with the other additives conventionally introduced into fuels, in particular diesel fuels, and which makes it possible to reduce and even to prevent the formation of deposits at injectors, while limiting corrosion phenomena and while maintaining good dispersion.
The subject of the present invention is thus a bifunctional additive for engine fuels, in particular fuels of diesel type, with detergent and dispersant properties comprising amide or imide functional groups resulting from the condensation of a compound C, composed of a primary polyamine, with a compound A, composed of at least one polyalkenylcarboxylic diacid or anhydride compound, and a compound B, composed of at least one linear or branched carboxylic monoacid or anhydride compound, the said additive being characterized in that it is obtained by mixing from 60 to 90% by weight of a compound A, comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms per linear or branched alkylene group, having an average molecular mass varying from 200 to 3,000, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a compound B, comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms per chain, and from 10 to 30% of a compound C of general formula (I) below: --H (I) hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is an integer varying from 1 to 3, m is an integer varying from 1 to 10 and p is an integer equal to 0 or 1.
Ac
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Eber Daniele
Germanaud Laurent
Raoult Guy
Elf Antar France
McAvoy Ellen M.
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