Electricity: measuring and testing – Magnetic – Magnetic field detection devices
Patent
1996-10-18
2000-11-21
Strecker, Gerard
Electricity: measuring and testing
Magnetic
Magnetic field detection devices
204400, 324 711, 324224, 324248, 324251, 324345, 324425, 600409, G01N 2772, G01N 3348, G01R 33035, G01R 3307
Patent
active
061508128
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to the detection of electromagnetic fields produced by certain events, such as chemical reaction, as well as for a device for maintaining the generation of such electromagnetic fields.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
The motion of electrons within a single isolated atom or molecule generates electromagnetic fields which can be detected external to the boundaries of the atom or molecule. The magnitude and frequency of such external fields depends mainly upon the following factors: spin angular momentum), orbital paths around the nucleus (=electron orbital momentum), spin velocities, as governed by Lenz's law, frequency of transitional events, nuclear magnetic moments, and fields.
The electromagnetic fields generated by electron motion within atoms or molecules are accompanied by the simultaneous emission of photons whose energies are characteristic of the frequencies of the associated atomically- or molecularly-generated external magnetic fields. The range of atomic and molecular electromagnetic frequencies extends from microwave to ultraviolet energies.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
As described in more detail below, the present invention utilizes, among several related and exploitable phenomena, the electromagnetic consequences of chemical interactions between molecules, and between molecules and atoms, to characterize types of reactions and identify the reactant chemicals by (i) direct magnetometric detection of magnetic fields external to the reactants and by (ii) magnetometric detection of magnetic domain configurations that are set up both by microwave photons and by propagating microwave electromagnetic fields in substances which surround the reactants and which behave as transducers of high frequency atomic/molecular magnetic field oscillations into magnetic domain fluctuations at much lower frequencies, e.g. 0 to 10.sup.4 hertz (Hz).
The transducing substances can be in gaseous, liquid or solid phases and are weakly ferromagnetic over at least some range of imposed microwave energies. Transducing substances which are strongly ferromagnetic by virtue of iterative metallic crystal ionic bonds exhibit the transduction-necessary weak ferromagnetism mode as a surface phenomenon of only several atoms thickness, consistent with the observed ability of thin films of reactant systems to increase the sensitivity and reproducibility of the device provided herein.
Similar frequency conversion mechanisms inherent in ferromagnetic, weakly ferromagnetic and paramagnetic micro- and nanostructures and systems (e.g. atoms, molecules, nano- and microcavities and stereosurfaces, nano-, micro- and ultrafine wires), are utilized to enable detection, by conventional magnetometry, of chemically- and intraatomically-generated electromagnetic and quantum (photon) phenomena. Utilizing the same energy-transduction and magnetometry technology, quantum particulate and propagating high-frequency electromagnetic emissions released during radioactive decay are exploited to detect and measure gamma and beta (+) and (-) emission from weak radioactive sources.
The invention, therefore, represents a universal detector of circulating electronic currents in all forms of matter whose dimensions may range from macroscopic to ultrananoscopic and of translation and quantum mechanical axial spin of electrons in all such matter. The present invention thus constitutes a practical, reliable, transducer of the magnetic intra- and extra-atomic consequences of interactions between electron movement and propagating electromagnetic fields over an extremely wide range of field strengths and frequencies.
The present invention does not require any technically-generated external magnetic fields, either steady or time-variant, but includes simple high-permeability ferromagnetic shielding as a means to reduce the ubiquitous geomagnetic field and its inherent fluctuations. The same shielding serves, over a wide range of frequencies, to reduce the effects of stray magnetic fields of non-geomagnetic origin and is al
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LaBella Frank S.
Pinsky Carl
Fermion Inc.
Strecker Gerard
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