Mineral oils: processes and products – Refining – Halogen contaminant removal
Patent
1995-08-28
1999-09-14
Myers, Helane
Mineral oils: processes and products
Refining
Halogen contaminant removal
2082625, 585 63, 585 66, 585 8, 210909, 588207, 588249, 588206, 588209, C10G 1700
Patent
active
059518529
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a process for removal of halide from a halide containing organic compound in a solvent, a process for simultaneous removal of halide from a halide containing organic compound and reduction of an oxygen containing organic compound in a solvent, a process for removal of halide from a halide containing organic compound, a process for reduction of an oxygen containing organic compound in a solvent, a system for removal of halide from a halide containing organic compound in a solvent, a system for simultaneous removal of halide from a halide containing organic compound and the reduction of an oxygen containing organic compound in a solvent, and a system for reducing an oxygen containing organic compound in a solvent.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many countries have, or are in the process of, imposing severe limits on the concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds permitted to be present in a wide range of materials used in industrial and other environments. Typical such compounds include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, DDT and dioxins as well as hydrocarbon oils containing chlorinated aromatic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyl compounds which are commonly present as one of the waste products in used or spent oils especially transformer oils and other similar liquids. Such materials are commonly destroyed by high temperature incineration, but this route is expensive and not permitted in some countries.
Because hydrocarbon transformer oils represent a large capital investment, any commercial process for the destruction of chlorinated organic compounds therein, and especially PCB contaminants in hydrocarbon transformer oils should, ideally, result in a product oil which can be reused in transformers. In principle, this could be accomplished by devising a process which destroys the PCBs, but which is carried out under reaction conditions which do not significantly alter the chemical composition of the hydrocarbon transformer oil.
Apart from combustion, either direct or catalysed, there are two main types of processes used to remove PCBs from oils. In one, the PCBs are reacted with sodium metal under specialised process conditions. Several variations of this route have been described (1-3). In general, this is a difficult process to scale up, requires routine handling of hazardous chemicals, and is likely to be operated as a batch process. It is uncertain if this approach can routinely result in a hydrocarbon transformer oil product which can be reused.
In another, (4-9) hydrocarbon oil containing the PCBs is reacted with hydrogen over a catalyst. In these processes, the hydrogen chloride formed in the course of the reaction moves through the reactor unchanged, and is washed from the reaction products only after these leave the reactor. These processes were exclusively designed to destroy the PCBs, and were not designed to recover an oil having the specific dielectric and other properties required for a high quality hydrocarbon transformer oil. Indeed, the coexistence of the hydrocarbon transformer oil and the hydrogen chloride gas in the catalytic reactor at high temperatures and pressures is detrimental to the stability of the catalyst and to the chemical composition of the hydrocarbon oil. Its presence, and the reactions the hydrogen chloride can undergo will render the oil unsuitable for subsequent use as hydrocarbon transformer oil.
Over time oils will gradually deteriorate due to oxidation of the hydrocarbons and contamination by other impurities. It is desirable to remove the oxidised species as the presence of these species can significantly reduce the electrical properties of the oil. It is also desirable to remove any organohalogen compounds as they may also affect the properties of oil and acid generated from them can cause a breakdown of the oil if the oil is hydrogenated by standard methods to remove the oxidised species. Particular examples of organohalogen compounds that may generate acids include polychlorinated
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Myers Helane
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