Dentistry – Prosthodontics – Holding or positioning denture in mouth
Patent
1997-11-26
1999-02-16
Wilson, John J.
Dentistry
Prosthodontics
Holding or positioning denture in mouth
433165, 433173, A61C 800
Patent
active
058713565
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to surgical equipment for dental implantology and extends to component parts of this equipment, consisting of an endosseous dental implant and of a drilling instrument.
A standard procedure used for the placement of implants in the dental field consists mainly of first generating an implant cavity of dimensions adapted to those of the implant by means of drills of increasing diameter, of threading this cavity with a screw thread and of screwing said implant in said cavity. In a second phase, after a period of four to six months called immobilization during which cicatrization of the bone occurs, a pillar or stump designed to be used as support for the prosthesis is united with the implant.
Since one of the conditions of success in implantology is the creation of intimate contact between the bone and the implant immediately after surgery, one of the difficult phases of this procedure consists of constructing an implantology cavity perfectly calibrated to the dimensions of the implant.
Now, in practice, in spite of the use of perfectly calibrated instrumentation and the meticulousness of the practitioners, it proves difficult to construct a cavity perfectly adapted to the dimensions of the implant and a source of failure in implantology hence results from a poor immediate immobilization of said implant.
In an attempt to remedy this disadvantage, a novel procedure has consisted in constructing self-screw threaded implants such as for example that described in patent EP 237.505 which comprises three longitudinal cutting edges arranged towards the distal end of said implant, each defining an external cavity arranged so as to make it possible to collect the bone shavings during the placement.
Owing to their self-screw threading character, such implants make it possible to obtain a better intimate contact with the bone and consequently to increase the primary stability of said implants. However, in spite of the presence of the external cavities for collecting the bone shavings, such implants may cause compression of the bone removed which results in a necrosis of the bone cells. Furthermore, the operating procedure for the placement of such an implant proves to be relatively complex and difficult. In fact, this placement makes it necessary to carry out in particular a predrilling, a first drilling with for example a 2 mm drill, another predrilling with the aid of an instrument comprising a 2 mm diameter blunt tip followed by a 3 mm diameter sharp-edged part, a second drilling by means of a 3 mm drill, and a widening with the aid of a so-called "counter-sink" special drill. In practice, the operating time required for the surgical placement of an implant proves to be considerable. In addition, the increase in the number of operations to be performed proves to be a not inappreciable source of potential errors concerning in particular the geometry of the cavity.
The present invention aims to remedy all of the disadvantages previously mentioned concerning the surgical procedures for the placement of dental implants and its essential objective is to provide surgical equipment which, on the one hand, makes it possible to appreciably simplify the operating procedure for the placement of implants and, on the other, to achieve an intimate bone/implant contact at the time of surgery.
For this purpose, the invention relates to surgical equipment consisting of a drilling instrument and an endosseous dental implant according to which tool for said implant, and a threaded upper aperature capable of making possible the insertion of a stump, axis defining a internal storage volume of the osseous tissue, and possessing a distal end of thickness "e" forming an annular transverse base of internal diameter "d" and of external diameter "d+2e", said cylindrical wall comprising at least one distal indentation forming a cutting front edge at the annular base, defined by said annular base and one of the faces of said indentation shaped so as to define a relief face and a cutting face, on said dental implant and star
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