Dentistry – Apparatus – Tool bit
Patent
1986-05-23
1988-02-02
Wilson, John J.
Dentistry
Apparatus
Tool bit
433173, A61C 302, A61C 800
Patent
active
047226870
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The object of the invention is a dental implant for the fixing of fixed dental prostheses.
The implant is a substructure generally metallic used for supporting a dental prosthesis. It allows to replace the teeth as natural pillars by mechanical pillars placed either into the mandibula or the maxilla.
The essential in the positioning of a dental implant is to obtain an immediate blocking up into the bone. The slightest mobility of the implant inside the bone leads eventually to rejection. Once the implant is set into the bone, a tapped ring or screw is set onto the outside part which is generally a threaded rod. On this tapped ring or screw, the dental prosthesis is fixed with a cement.
The state of the art may be defined by the French patent registered on June 12, 1972 under Nr No. 72 21113 and published on Jan. 2, 1974 under Nr No. 2.188.445.
The patent describes an endo-osseous anatomic implant and its insertion process, including a grid topped by one or several rods called "false-stump" for the fixing of prostheses, an implant characterized by the fact that the polygon of support of the grid is mainly disposed in a horizontal plane, this grid being shaped so as to be set into the mandibula or the maxilla, according to one or several planes issued from or close to an horizontal plane, so that the grid goes into a trench with one or several approximately horizontal planes made on the vestibular, lingual or palatal side of the maxillar body considered, while the false-stump(s) go(es) at the same time into as many vertical passages cutting the plane(s) of the approximately horizontal trench.
Other implants known as LINKOW's strips can also define the state of the art. These strips are characterized by a strip-shaped hooking part composed of several arched hooking legs ending with feet.
This part as a whole tends to allow the osseous tissue to gradually imbricate between legs and feet so as to fix the implant solidly.
The conception of these implants and the way they are positionned are subject to many drawbacks. The boring of the bone on a vertical plane and a sometimes wide diameter, is necessarily deep to mask the whole height of the implants. Now the bone, very often, does not offer sufficient height and the implants cannot pass round the obstacles such as sinuses, nasal fossae, nerves, the boring having to be effected almost always vertically.
Consequently these types of known implants cannot be adapted to various bony structures. Moreover, these implants, essentially inserted on a vertical plane, present bad characteristics of transmission of the forces imposed on them. They work essentially on edge and have a strong tendency to self-bore under the pressures exerted by mastication.
These implants, inserted on a vertical plane, resist badly the tensile, driving in and side stresses in the four directions.
The positioning of these implants is an awkward operation. It is necessary to form a groove corresponding exactly to the dimensions of LINKOW's strips.
The positioning of an implant described in JUILLET's patent requires a drilling which now can only be achieved in two phases of intervention: a vertical drilling followed by an horizontal drilling or reversely, and this being achieved with tools used separately.
On the other hand, the bone drilling tools are made of either tungsten or steel, or agaon of another material which is always different from that of the implant itself. There is a risk of polymetallism when the implant is placed into its site of lodging. As a matter of fact, the implant being made of titanium, the titanium will interfere with that of tungsten or steel or any material other than titanium.
It is unanimously admitted that, when drilling the bone with a metallic part, metallic particles always remain in the area (osseous territory). So, both the tool and the implant must be manufactured with the same metal to avoid a bi-metallism generating tissue lesion.
The invention tends to solve all these drawbacks. Especially, the invention tends to ensure a faultless primary fixation owing to
REFERENCES:
patent: 2453696 (1948-11-01), Brooks
patent: 2857671 (1958-10-01), Nelson
patent: 3474537 (1969-10-01), Christensen
patent: 3894339 (1975-07-01), Manzi
patent: 3925892 (1975-12-01), Juillet
patent: 3992780 (1976-11-01), Herskovits
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