Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Structurally defined web or sheet – Discontinuous or differential coating – impregnation or bond
Patent
1990-12-12
1993-08-24
Bell, James J.
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Structurally defined web or sheet
Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond
428212, 428257, 428294, 428902, 428225, D03D 300
Patent
active
052387283
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of textile structures and more specifically those which are adapted to the manufacture of composite materials. The invention relates more specifically to a textile structure which is capable of deformation and can thus be shaped in an advantageous manner at the time of a molding process for obtaining a final composite material.
(2) State of the Prior Art
It is known that composite materials are constituted by a textile reinforcement and by a resin matrix, this unit being made and shaped at the time of a molding process. It is not necessary to go over in detail the various techniques which can be used in practice for the manufacture of such composite materials because they are now well-known to one skilled in the art.
The manufacturers of composite materials are well aware that the shape of the final pieces to be obtained often raises technical problems which are difficult to solve. In fact, the textile reinforcement consequently has to be shaped either in advance or at the time of positioning in the mold. When it is a matter of manufacturing pieces of developable shape, the textile reinforcement elements can be prepared without major difficulty, except for allowing a good injection of resin into the mold before the polymerization which leads to the final composite material. The technical difficulties are therefore dependent upon the nature of the composite material itself and not upon its shape. In complete contrast, when it is necessary to manufacture non-developable pieces, use has to be made of separate elements of textile reinforcement, which it is therefore appropriate cut, position and to superpose so as to provide a reinforcement corresponding to the final shape desired. Any cut-out in a textile reinforcement introduces a discontinuity in the yarns and fibers thereof, which leads to regions of weakness in the piece made of the composite material. This is completely unacceptable for certain applications, for example in aeronautics. Moreover, the cutting-out operations are lengthy and costly
The Patent FR-1 068 334 relates to a process for obtaining a fibrous material intended for the reinforcement of plastic materials. The aim of this patent is to make a network of a number of fabrics, imbricated with one another by a weaving operation.
The imbrication between the fabrics is obtained by warp yarns which pass periodically from one fabric to another.
The fibrous material obtained by this process makes it possible to limit the risks of cleavage which can exist when two adjacent layers of fabric are not connected to one another by a fibrous link.
However, precisely because of the imbrication between the fabrics, the fibrous material obtained is not deformable and therefore cannot be shaped in an advantageous manner.
Efforts are therefore currently being made to perfect textile structures which can be deformed so as to significantly reduce the implementation time, making it possible to manufacture a piece made of a composite material while avoiding cut-outs, the textile structure then being capable of being preformed in order to be adapted to the shape of the piece to be obtained.
It is this technical problem which provides the basis of the present invention. The invention affords a simple solution and produces very advantageous results in relation to the proposals of the prior art.
It has already been proposed to use, as textile reinforcements, fabrics of a somewhat loose texture, in such a manner that they give at the time of shaping. However, to the knowledge of the applicant, this solution has never led to satisfactory practical results because, if a structure is deformable, it does not, for all that, satisfy the other criteria which are necessary in order that it constitute a good textile reinforcement for composite materials.
By way of a simple example, the mats which are constituted by yarns and fibers distributed in a random manner are easily deformable but have very poor mechanical properties. Simil
REFERENCES:
patent: 4379798 (1983-04-01), Palmer et al.
Bell James J.
Brochier S.A.
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