Electrical generator or motor structure – Non-dynamoelectric – Piezoelectric elements and devices
Patent
1986-11-24
1988-07-26
Budd, Mark O.
Electrical generator or motor structure
Non-dynamoelectric
Piezoelectric elements and devices
73628, 73642, H01L 4108
Patent
active
047603046
ABSTRACT:
A dark field ultrasonic transducer is constructed with an outer annular spherical or conical transducer element and an inner spherical element. The outer annular element is excited and insonifies a small portion of a part surface near a discontinuity or crack with longitudinal waves or with surface waves. The inner dark field element is not focused to be sensitive to either reflected sound or waves reradiated from the surface waves, but detects sound scattered from surface discontinuities such as a crack edge. When surface waves strike a crack edge and restrike it after reflection from the bottom of the crack, two pulses are received and the time delay between them is a measure of crack depth. The crack shape and crack depth profile are determined as the part is scanned.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4481822 (1984-11-01), Kubota
patent: 4503708 (1985-03-01), Kino et al.
patent: 4576048 (1986-03-01), Glenn
patent: 4674334 (1987-06-01), Chimenti et al.
E. J. Chern et al., "Ultrasonic Characterization of Surface Flaws Using Oblique Angle Backscattering Technique", Proceedings of 14th Symposium on NDE, Apr. 1983.
E. J. Chern, "Surface Flaw Characterization Using Ultrasonic Backscattered Satellite Pulse Technique", Review of Progress in Quantitative NDE, vol. 4A, Plenum, 1985, pp. 569-576.
M. A. Breazeale et al., "Interaction of Ultrasonic Waves Incident at the Rayleigh Angle Onto a Liquid-Solid Interface", Jr. of Appl. Physics, vol. 48, Feb. 1977, pp. 530-537.
Budd Mark O.
Campbell Donald R.
Davis Jr. James C.
General Electric Company
Webb II Paul R.
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