Spring devices – Rubber
Patent
1990-01-12
1991-10-08
Butler, Douglas C.
Spring devices
Rubber
36 35R, 2671401, 267141, A43B 2126, B60N 106, F16F 1300
Patent
active
050547534
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention is directed to an energy-absorbing damping device for shock loads, where a basic body consists of elastically deformable material, is elastically compressible and defines a chamber filled with liquid, and where channels devoid of valves provided in the basic body emanate from the chamber, form respectively an external outlet at the outer side of the basic body and constitute a connection to a medium yielding elastically when subjected to liquid pressure, where hydraulic flow restrictors are provided between the chamber and the elastically yielding medium and where the basic body constitutes a backup face and a load carrying face, lying opposite each other, wherein the channels extend essentially in direction of these faces or surfaces.
In a known damping device of this type (DE-PS 12 03 578) the channels, being connecting channels, are designed to be wide. The connecting channels transit with their external outlets into a pipeline connected with gas cushions, which are elastically compressed when the basic body is subjected to a load. The liquid which has entered into the gas cushions through check valves flows back into the pipeline through restrictor valves. This damping device is costly because of the pipeline, the gas cushion and the valves.
One task of the invention consists in creating a damping device of the previously mentioned type which is less costly. In solving this task, the damping device in the invention is characterized by the channels designed to be narrow as flow restrictor channels and by the elastically yielding medium being an elastically extensible diaphragm, which is fixed so as to be sealed all around its periphery and which covers the external outlets of the flow restrictor channels.
In the course of the energy absorption the energy of the shock or blow presses the liquid through the narrow flow restrictor channels and extends the elastic diaphragm. The damping device does not require much space and is simplified, since instead of many additional parts such as annular pipeline, gas cushion and valves, only the extensible diaphragm is provided. The damping occurs under successive energy build down and without vibrations. The dampening effect at first not strong as an impulse, rather it increases gradually.
In the damping device in the invention we are dealing with an elastic, hydraulic energy absorption system out of which liquid is pressed from the elastic chamber, which assumes a shape depending upon the load, through the flow restrictor channels. The pressed-out liquid collects in the diaphragm and is returned in the normal working sequence into the chamber which had been upset by the shock or blow. The parameters: elasticity, volume and flow restrictors produce an accurately defined output. The peak loads caused by inertia occurring in rigid systems are avoided in this case. The damping device can be used as a damped vibrating system, if subjected to a constant static load.
The diaphragm or foil consists for instance of elastic plastics material or synthetic rubber. The basic body consists for instance of closed cell polyurethane, silicone rubber or sponge rubber The diameter of the flow restriction channel depends upon the respective us of the damping device and the desired damping sequence. The basic body is as a rule made in one piece. The formation in the invention is circular, oval or rectangular, if viewed in one plane.
It is especially appropriate and advantageous to provide two flow restriction channels A larger number, for instance more than three flow restriction channels, improve the effectiveness of the damping device.
The damping device in the invention is tuned to a gradually increasing damping sequence free from a high initial vibration. It is particularly expedient and advantageous if the basic body, the flow restriction channels and the diaphragm are tuned to a damping characteristic similar to a parabola. Such a damping characteristic, meaning such a force measured as a function of time at the backup face in case of blow-like loads on the load car
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