D.C.-D.C.-type bidirectional voltage converters and current sens

Electricity: measuring and testing – Measuring – testing – or sensing electricity – per se – Magnetic saturation

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Details

324120, 324127, 363 20, G01R 1900, G01R 1518, H02M 300

Patent

active

061217689

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of switched mode power supplies, and more specifically to the field of d.c.-d.c.-type inductive storage voltage converters. Such converters, which enable to transform d.c. voltages, have many industrial applications, especially in the aeronautic field, where they are used to generate, from the d.c. electric network of aircrafts, voltages of 5V, .+-.12V, .+-.15V, . . . for supplying on-board electronic equipment.
2. Discussion of the Related Art
Generally, the operation of inductive storage converters is based on the implementation of energy transfer cycles including a period of accumulation of magnetic energy in an inductive component, via a primary circuit, followed by a period of restitution of this energy into a load to be supplied, via a secondary circuit. A "buck-boost" converter is a converter, the inductive component of which is a single-winding inductance, and a "fly-back" converter is a converter, the inductive component of which is a transformer including at least two windings.
In this field, the present invention more specifically relates to bidirectional voltage converters, which can transfer energy from the primary to the secondary as well as from the secondary to the primary. This type of bidirectional converter is particularly well suited to the supplying of complex loads (capacitive and/or inductive loads), accumulators or, further, reversible devices such as electric motors, which are likely to send energy back to the converter.
Examples of inductive storage bidirectional converters are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,097, relating to converters of "fly-back" type, as well as in U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,151 and European patent application 336725, relating to converters of "buck-boost" type.
A general object of the present invention is to improve these bidirectional converters, the operation of which will first be described.
FIG. 1a shows the basic diagram of a conventional bidirectional "buck-boost" converter. In such a converter, a primary circuit and a secondary circuit are arranged on either side of an inductance L. The primary circuit includes a diode Dp and a chopping switch Tp assembled in parallel, the assembly being interposed between a supply voltage source Vin and inductance L. Similarly, the secondary circuit includes a diode/chopping switch assembly Ds/Ts interposed between inductance L and an output capacitor Cout. Capacitor Cout provides the smoothing of the output voltage Vout of the converter, applied to a load Z to be supplied. In practice, switches Tp, Ts, are electronic switches, such as MOS transistors or bipolar transistors.
As mentioned previously, the operation of the converter occurs in cycles of two periods, each cycle including a first so-called accumulation period, of duration Ton, when a current Ip flows through the primary, and a second so-called restitution period, of duration Toff, when a current Is flows through the secondary. FIG. 2 shows the total current I flowing through inductance L for the duration of a cycle. In bidirectional operation mode, so-called accumulation period Ton actually includes a first phase Ton1 of restitution in voltage source Vin of an excess energy accumulated in inductance L during a previous cycle, followed by a phase Ton2 of effective accumulation of magnetic energy in inductance L. FIGS. 1b and 1c show equivalent diagrams of the converter during phases Ton1, Ton2. During Ton1, inductance L generates current Ip which is negative (diode Dp conducts, FIG. 1b). When this energy has been entirely restituted, accumulation phase Ton2 begins, where Ip is positive (Tp is on, diode Dp is blocked, FIG. 1c). Similarly, so-called restitution phase Toff first includes a phase Toff1 of effective restitution in capacitor Cout and load Z of the energy stored by inductance L during Ton2, followed by a phase Toff2 of accumulation in inductance L of an excess energy supplied to capacitor Cout or to load Z during Toff1. FIGS. 1d and 1e show equivalent diagr

REFERENCES:
patent: 5068776 (1991-11-01), Polivka
patent: 5636108 (1997-06-01), Taurand
patent: 5657211 (1997-08-01), Brockmann
patent: 5745351 (1998-04-01), Taurand

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