Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Method of using a plant or plant part in a breeding process... – Method of breeding using gametophyte control
Patent
1998-03-06
2000-04-04
Fox, David T.
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Method of using a plant or plant part in a breeding process...
Method of breeding using gametophyte control
800268, 800269, 800277, 800298, 800303, 800304, 800306, 435421, 435430, 435453, A01H 102, A01H 500, A01H 510, C12N 1505
Patent
active
06046383&
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention involves cytoplasmic male sterile Brassica oleracea plants that contain polima CMS cytoplasm, are male sterile at high and low temperatures, and exhibit good female fertility.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In an effort to increase the productivity of plants and food crops, plant breeders generally develop cultivars that contain certain desirable characteristics such as increased height, growth rate, higher yields, etc. One of the ways in which this may be accomplished is by infusing desirable characteristics into a plant to form a superior plant line. Superior lines are then combined to form an F.sub.1 hybrid that contains the desirable characteristics. Such superior hybrids can be developed in numerous ways.
One popular way of producing superior hybrids is by using male sterility in one of the plants for which hybridization is desired. Male sterile lines allow the breeder to produce hybrid seed more economically by controlling cross-fertilization in the flower of a plant. Cross-fertilization can be controlled by preventing the female parent from self fertilizing. Self-fertilization is eliminated by making the plant male sterile. If the plant is male sterile, then no pollen can be produced for fertilization. Once rendered male sterile, the plant may then be hybridized with a gene donor plant possessing the desired characteristics.
One way to effectuate male sterility is through the use of cytoplasmic male sterility. Present belief is that genetic factors controlling cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) are found in the cytoplasm, particularly in the genes of the mitochondrial DNA.
Three of the most common cytoplasmic male sterilities in the Brassica species are:
In Brassica, cytoplasmic male sterility can be transmitted by crossing. The female (egg) parent contributes the cytoplasm, therefore, crossing to CMS females produces CMS progeny. The nuclear genes however are heterozygous. Therefore, six to eight generations of "backcrossing" are necessary to produce a CMS line breeding homozygous for nuclear characters. As an alternative, cytoplasmic male sterile lines can also be produced by protoplast fusion. In protoplast fusion, a protoplast from a plant having commercially desirable traits is combined with a protoplast of a CMS line. The nuclear material of the CMS line is either removed or inactivated prior to fusion so it donates only the cytoplasm. The resulting cytoplasmic hybrid (or cybrid) possesses the CMS cytoplasm and is male sterile. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,254,802 discloses B. oleracea plants that contain the Ogura CMS cytoplasm. These plants were obtained by protoplast fusion.
Polima CMS cytoplasm has been used to produce CMS in varieties such as winter-type oil seed rape (Brassica napus) (See Barsby et al., Plant Science, 53: 243-248 (1987)). However, one significant problem with the expression of cytoplasmic male sterility by the polima CMS cytoplasm is that the polima cytoplasm is influenced by environmental conditions. Fan, Z et al. Can. J. Plant Sci. 66:221-227 (1985). More specifically, male sterile plants containing polima CMS cytoplasm are known to become fertile under high temperatures in the field. Id. See also Fu, T. D., Encarpia Cruciferea Newsletter 6: 6-7 (1981).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention involves Brassica oleracea plants that contain Polima CMS cytoplasm which remain male sterile at high and low temperatures and exhibit good female fertility. The Brassica oleracea plants of the present invention can be produced by traditional breeding methods. Different Brassica types can then be developed by further crossings or backcrossings or by protoplast fusion.
To obtain the Brassica oleracea plants of this invention by traditional breeding techniques, an interspecific cross was made between Brassica campestris cultivar 87110 and Brassica oleracea cultivar 87101. The seeds resulting from the cross are collected, planted and regenerated. The resulting plants are Brassica napus and contain a haploid set of chromosomes. The
REFERENCES:
patent: 5254802 (1993-10-01), Hoekstra et al.
Sodhi, et al., Identification of a Stable Maintainer Line for Polima Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rapeseed (B.napus L.), Plant Breeding, 110:334-337, (1993).
Fan et al. 1986. Can. J. Plant Sci. 66:221-227.
Yarrow et al. 1990. Plant Cell Reports 9:185-188.
Barsby et al. 1987. Plant Science 53:243-248.
Dong, F. 1981. Encarpia Crucifera Newsletter 6:6-7.
Elsenga-Boersma Annemarie
Van Den Bosch Fransiscus Gerardus Jacobus Maria
Fox David T.
Seminis Vegetable Seeds Inc.
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