Internal-combustion engines – Particular piston and enclosing cylinder construction – Cylinder head
Patent
1992-04-24
1993-05-11
Cross, E. Rollins
Internal-combustion engines
Particular piston and enclosing cylinder construction
Cylinder head
1231932, 29888061, F02F 116
Patent
active
052091970
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a cylinder head/cylinder sealing device for a reciprocating pressurized gas machine in which the gas is contained in at least one variable volume working chamber delimited within a cylinder provided in an engine frame by a cylinder head clamped to the engine frame by means of studs in the latter and by a piston sliding with a reciprocating motion inside said cylinder which sealing device is formed by a removable cylindrical liner sleeved into a bore in said engine frame, the piston being provided with sealing rings in contact with the inside wall of the cylinder liner. In the present context the term "sealing rings" covers split rings and/or seals which are not split.
The invention relates more particularly, although not exclusively, to a sealing device for reciprocating internal combustion engines, the engine frame constituting what is known as a "cylinder block". They can be two-stroke or four-stroke, controlled or compression ignition and supercharged or unsupercharged engines.
The working or combustion chamber of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (or each such chamber) is generally delimited by:
a piston sliding in a cylinder formed in the cylinder block and carrying sealing rings;
the cylinder itself; and
the cylinder head clamped by studs to the upper surface of the cylinder block.
In older implementations the cylinder was usually a bore machined directly into the cylinder block. However, most modern implementations comprise a separate cylinder liner disposed between the piston and the cylinder block for reasons connected with maintenance and interchangeability.
There are known two types of cylinder liner for internal combustion engines, namely wet liners and dry liners. Such liners are distinguished from each other according to whether their exterior surface is or is not in direct contact with an engine cooling liquid.
Generally speaking, a wet cylinder liner is sufficiently thick to be able to withstand of its own accord the forces due to the pressure of the gas contained in the working chamber and comprises at one end a thick and relatively tall flange preventing any significant axial deformation and which is clamped between the bearing surface of the cylinder block and the cylinder head, as shown in FIG. 8 which will be explained in detail later, the liner being free to expand downwards independently of the cylinder block over the remainder of its length. A double water/air and air/oil seal is usually provided at the lower end of the liner (the end opposite the flange) in the form of O-rings accommodated in grooves machined into the liner. A pressurized gas seal is provided by a separate cylinder head gasket which is deformed irreversibly at the assembly by tightening the cylinder head studs.
A dry liner is too thin to withstand of its own accord the forces caused by the gas pressure. It is clamped into a bore machined into the cylinder block which thereby contains said forces. The cylinder block is cooled by a cooling liquid flowing in passages formed entirely within the cylinder block, the liner being cooled by conduction where it is in contact with the block. The pressurized gas seal is usually similar to that for a wet liner.
The above considerations remain valid, at least for the most part, for reciprocating pressurized gas machines other than internal combustion engines and in particular for compressors.
An object of the invention is to provide a new cylinder head/cylinder seal for a reciprocating pressurized gas machine.
Another object is to provide a sealing device which is adapted to withstand higher gas pressures able to generate greater cyclic deformations. In the case of liquid cooling, a further object is to improve the cooling effect by reducing the distance between the respective surfaces of the liner exposed to the cooling liquid and to the gas. By using thin liners, another object of the invention is to reduce the distance between the cylinder axes and consequently the overall size of the engine for a given maximum gas pressure. A further object is
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patent: 4594760 (1986-06-01), Dillard
patent: 4936270 (1990-06-01), Ushio et al.
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Cross E. Rollins
Macy M.
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