Electric lamp and discharge devices – Cyclotrons
Patent
1986-12-29
1988-09-13
DeMeo, Palmer C.
Electric lamp and discharge devices
Cyclotrons
328234, H05H 1300
Patent
active
047712082
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a traditional cyclotron of a new design, which permits a substantial reduction of the energy requirements.
The known cyclotrons are of two types: cyclotrons making use of superconductive windings (superconductive cyclotrons) and cyclotrons making use of non-superconductive windings (traditional cyclotrons).
The superconductive cyclotrons do not make use of electrical power for the purpose of sustaining the magnetic field required for the acceleration of the particles. However, the technology of the superconductive windings and of the associated cryogenics remains complex and costly. Furthermore, these windings require liquid helium as refrigerating fluid. These considerations restrict to a great extent the use of superconductive cyclotrons.
On the other hand, in the case of traditional cyclotrons, a large proportion of the power is utilized for the purpose of generating and shaping the magnetic field required for the acceleration of the particles.
There are currently in existence traditional cyclotrons referred to as "compact", which include only a single pole. In this case, the accelerating electrodes, which are generally called "dice", are disposed in the air gap. Consequently, the power supplied to the cyclotron must be relatively high, in order to establish the magnetic field in an air gap of increased size. On the other hand, the vacuum chamber is very simple and involves low cost.
There are also known traditional cyclotrons referred to as "in separate sectors", in which the magnetic structure is divided into sepacate units, which are entirely independent, in the form of sectors. The accelerating devices have been installed in the free spaces left between these "separate sectors". Consequently, the air gap of the magnetic sectors may be reduced and, in consequence of this, the number of amperes/revolution required for the purpose of generating the magnetic field is smaller.
However, these cyclotrons exhibit a series of difficulties. Firstly, each separate sector is equipped with a pair of windings. These windings are of complex shape (in the form of a sector) and, in order to release the free space between the sectors, they must be of minimal cross-section.
This demands that the current density must be high in these windings and, in consequence of this, the electrical power required for the purpose of generating the magnetic field remains high, even though the number of amperes/revolution is smaller.
Finally, as the sectors are mechanically independent, the mechanical design of the cyclotron, and in particular of the vacuum chamber, is complex and costly.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to provide a new type of non-superconductive cyclotron, in which the electrical power required for the purpose of generating the magnetic field is far smaller than in the abovementioned traditional cyclotrons, that is to say the "compact" cyclotron and the "separate sector" cyclotron.
This object may be achieved by a novel magnetic structure, in which there is provided a small air gap, which reduces the number of amperes/revolution required, but also a pair of substantially circular windings which are of large cross-section, which permits a reduction in the current density and thus in the electrical power required for the purpose of producing the number of amperes/revolution required.
Another object of the invention is to avoid, in the novel structure, the mechanical complexity inherent in the cyclotrons referred to as "having separate sectors".
This novel structure, specific to the traditional cyclotron, according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least three sectors called "hills", where the air gap is reduced to a dimension close to that of the accelerated beam and where the magnetic flux is substantially concentrated, separated by spaces in the form of sectors designated as "valleys", where the air gap has a very large dimension (for example, but in a non-limiting manner, where the air gap is of
REFERENCES:
patent: 3175131 (1965-03-01), Burleigh et al.
patent: 3789335 (1974-01-01), Delphin et al.
patent: 4445102 (1984-04-01), Thorn et al.
"The JINR U-400 Isochronous Heavy Ion Cyclotron" by B. N. Markov, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. NS-24, No. 3, Jun. 1977, pp. 1215-1217.
Jongen Yves
Ryckewaert Guido
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