Cyclone separators

Details Cyclone separators Cyclone separators

1983-06-10

1986-04-29

Hart, Charles

Gas separation

Multiple separators, each with discrete and longitudinally...

Centrifugal

55398, 55459R, 55461, 2105122, B01D 4512

Patent

active

045854661

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention concerns improvements in or relating to cyclone separators employed for the separation of particles from fluids, i.e. gases or liquids, or of fluids of differing densities or compositions.
The present invention has particular, although not exclusive reference to such separators for gas cleaning and more especially, although not limited to such an application, for the cleaning of hot gases to remove particulates therefrom. One of the problems associated with conventional cyclone separators is that with a fluid having a heavy contaminant loading, for example a dust loading, clogging occurs thus rendering the equipment ineffective or inefficient. One way of attempting to overcome this problem is to employ a number of separators, but this gives rise to added capital expenditure and increased maintenance costs, while not necessarily effecting a substantial improvement in operational efficiency. Furthermore, with space being at a premium on some plants requiring effective separation, the provision of more than one or two separators is unattractive.
An object of the present invention is thus to provide an improved cyclone separator which at least in part affords a solution to the problems attendant upon conventional devices and which offers higher efficiencies coupled with the benefit of compactness.
Accordingly, this invention provides a cyclone separator including a body defining a main vortex chamber therewithin, an inlet in the body for a contaminated fluid, an outlet for the fluid, an outlet for the contaminant, and means associated with the body to define a secondary vortex chamber in communication with the main vortex chamber.
The inlet for the contaminated fluid is preferably arranged tangentially such as to induce vortical flow within the main vortex chamber, and may communicate internally of the body with a primary annular section in which in use tangential flow is allowed to develop smoothly prior to entry into the main vortex chamber. A weir may be provided intermediate the annular section and the main vortex chamber with the object of providing a symmetrical flow and vortex with low overall turbulence levels.
The secondary vortex chamber is located at the outer periphery of and opens into the main vortex chamber and is preferably of cylindrical form.
More than one secondary vortex chamber may be provided at different locations along the path of the contaminated fluid between the inlet therefor and the fluid outlet. The different locations are conveniently defined by intermediate sections which may be in the form of circular grooves provided internally of the body in the main vortex chamber. The secondary vortex chambers are placed at locations along the various paths to provide in use the maximum shear of at least some of the particles from the main vortex, a secondary vortex system being generated in each secondary vortex chamber whereby the particles are centrifuged and can be removed from each chamber.
The body of the separator may have a central cone for the collection of the contaminant leading from the main vortex chamber, a secondary vortex chamber, communicating with the entry to the cone. As an alternative, the body may have a central cylindrical subsidiary vortex chamber leading from the main vortex chamber, the subsidiary vortex chamber having a secondary vortex chamber communicating therewith.
A conical diffuser together with a centre body may be located at the fluid outlet from the body with the object of reducing the pressure drop across the separator.
By way of example, six embodiments of cyclone separator according to the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic plan view of a second embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a sectional side view corresponding to FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic plan view of a third embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a sectional side view corresponding to FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional side elevation

REFERENCES:
patent: 763199 (1904-06-01), Newton et al.
patent: 1513528 (1924-10-01), Bamber
patent: 2290664 (1942-07-01), Allardice
patent: 3283480 (1966-11-01), Szego
patent: 3972698 (1976-08-01), Klein et al.
patent: 3990976 (1976-11-01), Nishioka
patent: 4097381 (1978-06-01), Ritzler
patent: 4268277 (1981-05-01), Rooker et al.

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