Solid material comminution or disintegration – Apparatus – Cooperating comminuting surfaces
Reexamination Certificate
1999-05-12
2001-11-27
Rosenbaum, Mark (Department: 3725)
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Apparatus
Cooperating comminuting surfaces
C241S294000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06322012
ABSTRACT:
The invention concerns a cutting shaft with cutting tools for a shredding/crushing machine in which cutting tools seated in knife seat grooves spirally wound and distributed on the periphery of a cutting shaft work in opposition to counter cutting edges mounted independently of the shaft.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A shredding/crushing machine, which is the subject of this invention, is shown in
FIGS. 23
,
24
and disclosed in, DE 42 42 740 A1. The machine is used for cutting and reducing wood, metal parts, plastic material, garbage and other waste materials to small pieces.
The shredder/crusher
101
essentially consists of a material hopper
102
, a food unit
103
and a cutting tool
104
. The three machine components
102
,
103
,
104
are connected to one another so as to be detachable by flanged couplings and, when assembled, form a feeding chamber
105
. In the feeding chamber
105
, a cutting shaft
106
driven by an electromotor engages in this lower area opposite the feed unit
103
. The cutting shaft
106
is octagonal or polygonal in shape and is equipped with a number of cutting tools
107
. The cutting tools
107
are fastened to the cutting shaft
106
spirally wound and distributed over the periphery (
FIG. 23
) and are engaged with a first cutting plate
108
and a second cutting plate being used as a scraping bar. The upper side of the first cutting plate
108
is simultaneously part of the floor of the feed chamber
105
. A perforated screen
111
fastened to reinforcing rings
110
is fastened below the cutting shaft
106
. A collecting tray
112
is situated below the screen
111
, a worm conveyor
113
being connected to the lowest point of said collecting tray for removing the shredded/crushed material.
FIG. 10
shows the cutting shaft
16
in a perspective of a partial view, as seen from the feeding chamber
105
. The cutting shaft
106
has a number of cutting tools
107
which are attached to the cutting shaft
106
in a thread-like manner. The cutting tools
107
sit in the recesses
129
placed into the cutting shaft
106
. The recesses
129
extend from a first edge
140
or the cutting shaft
106
to the second edge
141
following in direction of rotation. The base
142
of the recess
129
deepens uniformly relative to a cutting shaft surface
139
over its entire longitudinal extension. The base
142
or the supporting area
131
forms a right angle with the contact surface
131
. The height of the contact surface
131
between the second edge
141
and the base
142
corresponds to the diagonal extension of a cutting tool
107
.
The knives
104
which are square in cross section are arranged on the shaft
106
so as to be in a diagonally upward position and form a cutting edge
107
a
in the shape of a pointed roof with a cutting point
107
b
protruding upward.
A shredder/crusher of this type has proven successful.
In the field of waste recycling and disposal of waste materials, disposal firms must respond more and more flexibly to the various materials to be processed. Thus, for example, not only hard materials such as plastic housings, plastic products, electronic parts or other breakable materials have to be shredded or crushed, but also stretch materials, woven synthetic materials, carpets, threads and fibers of all types. In addition, the material to be cut often varies considerably in size and volume; for example, small-sized hollow plastic bodies (PET bottles) and plastic barrels must be handled. Experience has shown that unsatisfactory results are often obtained with respect to the cutting work when using preset a driving power for the cutting shaft and a preset size for the cutting tools.
DE-GM 295 15 768.2 discloses cutting tools for shredding machines. The cutting tools consist of several parts, having a cutting tool body and one or two cutting plates. The cutting tool body is an elongated one-piece metal body having, for example, a square cross section, two front surfaces and four similar lateral surfaces. The cutting tool body is somewhat shorter than the cutting tool shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2
. At the front surfaces, a longitudinally axially tapped hole is placed in the canter into which a screw can engage to fasten a cutting plate. The front surfaces have a contoured surface with two cross-shaped grooves which each extend between the points of the front surfaces.
The cutting plates are thin metal plates which can have a corresponding square shape like the front surfaces of the tool body. A hole, through which a fastening screw can pass, is placed in the centre of the cutting plates. On their back side, the cutting plates have webs arranged transversely which are adapted to the shape of the grooves of the cutting tool bodies so that the cutting plates can be fastened in a form-locking and torque resistant manner to the front surfaces of the cutting tool bodies.
The cutting tool bodies, each having a cutting plate, form a cutting tool which has the same spatial shape and the same dimensions as the one-piece cutting tool of
FIGS. 23 and 24
. All four points of the cutting tools can be used as a cutting point, so that a cutting tool with two cutting plates can be used eight times.
Cutting tools of this type have proven successful. However, it was found that, with a set cutting tool size of e.g. 40×40×64 mm, it is not possible to efficiently obtain a defined granular, size, in particular of lose than 10 mm. Although an increase in rotational speed and an even larger number of knives on the knife shaft can lead to an increase in cutting speed and a higher cutting sequence and, as a result, a fine granulation, however, this also causes friction and heat, especially in the area of the screen basket area. Moreover, additional suctioning devices are required that draw off the fine material through the screen basket area by suction and prevent unnecessary material rotation about the shaft body and a decrease in throughput. In addition, it was found that, in PVC or stretch foils having a low melting point, the heat formation can be so high that it can result in melting of the material and blockages in the cutting system.
The object of the invention is to create a cutting shaft for a shredding machine which can easily and quickly be optimally adjusted to the material to be cut and, moreover, to provide a cutting tool with which it is also possible to produce defined, in particular, small granular sizes without thereby altering the quality of the material to be cut.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, the cutting shaft is furnished with an easily exchangeable cutting contour. To accomplish this, cutting tools in the form of cutting blocks which are rhombic in cross section are used in enlarged knife seats of cutting shafts which are double the size in comparison to cutting blocks which are rhombic in cross section and customarily used. As a result, the available and inverted V-shaped cutting edge, projecting outward from the cutting shaft, is quadrupled in its length. According to the invention, this solid large cutting block can be replaced by cutting blocks which have the same structure as the large cutting blocks at the knife seat end, however, which are M-shaped on the cutting edge and with a deep V-shaped groove. The two serrations formed hereby and pointing outward are arranged in such a way that they are situated on the same flight circle of the knife, i.e. have the same radial distance from the base of the knife seat in the individual points of large cutting blocks. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the basic body of the cutting block has two flat recesses, rhombic in a top view, at the front in the area of the two serration, the edge length of which corresponds to the edge length of the serrations. Knife plates can be inserted into the recesses.
In addition, it is also possible to furnish cutting blocks having the usual size in conventional knife seats but with the above described finer cutting geometries, i.e. two cutting points. It is thus possible to cut the materia
Rosenbaum Mark
Townsend and Townsend / and Crew LLP
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