Cryogenic apparatus and cryogenic methods

Refrigeration – Storage of solidified or liquified gas – Including cryostat

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62 63, 62 64, F25B 1900

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active

048889563

ABSTRACT:
Cryogenic apparatus and methods are disclosed which enable a substance to be frozen at a rapid rate thereby promoting the formation of a multitude of small ice crystals in the substance rather than a smaller number of large ice crystals. The method comprises circulating a cryogen around a closed canal. The canal is preferably partly immersed in a bath containing a liquid which boils at a temperature below the boiling point of the cryogen in the canal, and which preferably boils at a temperature below the freezing point of the cryogen in the canal. Means for sensing the temperature of the cryogen are provided, the temperature sensing means controlling a heater which maintains the temperature of the cryogen above its freezing point. The cryogen can circulate in a horizontal plane or in a vertical plane. Where the substance to be frozen comprises organic tissue, the cryogen preferably flows in a vertically arranged canal and the tissue is plunged countercurrent into upwardly flowing cryogen. Where the substance to be frozen is a material consisting of two or more homogeneously mixed components, then the material is preferably introduced into the cryogen as a series of drops or as a fine continuous stream which falls on the flowing surface of the cryogen. The method is particularly suitable for the preparation of ceramics, potassium superoxide and catalysts.

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R. I. Taylor, "A New Cryogenic Process for the Food Industry", Before 1984, pp. 231-240.
Murray, "Accurate Control of Cryogen Temperature for Quick Freezing of Biological Tissue", 10/12/86, four pages.
KF 80 Universal Cryofixation System, 10/12/86, four pages.
Maja-Maschinenfabric, Hermann Schill GmbH, MAJA Scherbeneis, six pages.
Sandvik France, Department Transporteurs, SANDVIK, four pages.

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