Solid material comminution or disintegration – Processes – Plural successive comminuting operations
Reexamination Certificate
2000-01-14
2001-11-06
Rosenbaum, Mark (Department: 3725)
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Processes
Plural successive comminuting operations
C241S159000, C241S236000, C241S260100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06311908
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to a crushing method for waste containing materials that are unfit for crushing, and an apparatus for its practice. The method is capable of crushing waste such as home electric appliances, etc. discharged as non-inflammable bulky refuse from households, etc., for example, without deforming massive materials that are difficult to crush such as a motor, compressor, etc. contained in the waste, while separating the crushed material from those materials that are unfit for crushing.
2. Background Art
Conventionally, hammer crushers, biaxial crushers, triaxial crushers, etc. are used for the crushing of waste such as home electric appliances, etc.
In the crushing of waste such as home electric appliances, etc. or refrigerators, for example, the frame material, etc. of the refrigerator can be crushed directly, but massive materials such as the motor and compressor, etc. are difficult to crush.
A manner has therefore been adopted for manually removing such massive materials in advance of crushing, and then crushing of the frame material, etc. by using crushers is performed.
However, a problem with this method is that it requires much manual labor for the removal of the massive materials such as the motors and compressors, etc.
On the other hand, treating a refrigerator with a crusher without removing the motor and compressor presented a problem of extremely low recovery ratio of valuables, because the motor and compressor are deformed as a result of the crushing and become difficult to disassemble after the crushing.
Moreover, a problem with a hammer crusher is that it is dangerous because of the possibility of an explosion, which is liable to result depending on the type of materials mixed in the waste.
In view of these problems inherent in the crushing of waste containing materials that are unfit for crushing, the present inventor et al. proposed a crushing method for waste containing materials that are unfit for crushing and an apparatus for performance of the method. The method and apparatus are capable of separating and discharging materials that are unfit for crushing without deforming them, while crushing object material that is to be crushed, such as a frame member, etc., and thereby improving the recovery ratio of valuables, even in the case where the waste is directly submitted to crushing without removing materials that are unfit for crushing, such as a motor, compressor, etc. in advance of the crushing. (PCT/JP98/04791).
An outline of such a crushing method and apparatus is indicated in
FIG. 7
to FIG.
10
.
This crusher
50
comprises a first crushing roller
10
on one side under a hopper
2
of a casing
3
that forms the hopper
2
at its top and is open at its bottom. A second crushing roller
11
is positioned at the back of the crushing roller
10
, and a third crushing roller
12
faces this second crushing roller
11
.
On another side under the hopper
2
is provided a push-in mechanism
13
facing the crushing roller
10
, while on a bottom plate
2
a
of the hopper
2
directly under the first crushing roller
10
is provided a supporting projection
14
.
Thus, when the waste W containing materials M that are unfit for crushing, such as a motor, compressor, etc. of home electric appliances, are injected in the hopper
2
, these materials are pushed by the push-in mechanism
13
, toward the first crushing roller
10
. Then, to prevent free move of the waste W, the waste W is supported by the supporting projection
14
, and the first crushing roller
10
bites into the waste W, thereby accurately crushing the waste W while conveying it.
The first crushing roller
10
is constructed, as shown in
FIG. 8
, by attaching a large number of crushing blades
21
at coarse intervals “a” on a rotary shaft
20
such that the crushing blades
21
project from the rotary shaft
20
.
These crushing blades
21
are formed with a height “b”, which allows them to easily bite into the waste W while the materials M that are unfit for crushing contained in the waste W are received within the gaps between the crushing blades
21
, and then pass through these gaps without being crushed by the first crushing roller
10
. Preferably, the tips of the crushing blades
21
are oriented at an acute angle so that the tips may easily bite into the waste W.
Furthermore, the casing
3
directly above the first crushing roller
10
is provided with a stationary knife
22
to be inserted in the gaps between the crushing blades
21
of the first crushing roller
10
, so as to scrape from the crushing blades
21
the crushed material which sticks to the crushing blades
21
.
The second crushing roller
11
is realized by attaching screw blades
25
onto a rotary shaft
24
, as shown in
FIG. 9
, and these screw blades
25
are designed to have a coarse pitch and a height enabling the materials M that are unfit for crushing to be received within the gaps between the screw blades
25
and pass therethrough without being crushed, while crushing object materials that are to be crushed, such as frame member, etc., as the second crushing roller operates in combination with the third crushing roller
12
.
A screw blade
25
is constructed from screw blades
25
a
and
25
b,
which are twisted in directions opposite to each other and formed by splitting a single screw into two pieces. The screw blades
25
a
and
25
b
are to prevent the object material that is to be crushed from moving sideways at the time of crushing.
The third crushing roller
12
is realized by attaching, as shown in
FIG. 10
, main screw blades
27
and auxiliary screw blades to a rotary shaft
26
. The auxiliary screw blades
28
have a coarser pitch as compared with that of the main screw blades
27
, and are twisted in the direction opposite to the main screw blades
27
, such that grids “g” are formed between the main screw blades
27
and the auxiliary screw blades
28
. The main screw blades
27
and auxiliary screw blades
28
have a height that enables the materials M that are unfit for crushing to be received within these gaps or grids “g” and pass therethrough without being crushed.
The main screw blades
27
and the auxiliary screw blades
28
are constructed from screw blades
27
a,
27
b,
28
a,
28
b,
which are twisted in directions opposite to each other and formed by splitting respective screws into two pieces each. The opposite directions of twist are to prevent the object material that is to be crushed from moving sideways at the time of crushing.
And, on the discharge side of the casing
3
is provided a conveyor
16
.
This conveyor
16
, installed at a required inclination, is designed to make the materials M that are unfit for crushing, in massive state without being crushed, tumble from the conveyor
16
after being discharged on the conveyor
16
. The conveyor
16
is also designed to move the crushed and flattened object material upward when discharged on the conveyor
16
, without rolling or sliding of the crushed and flattened object material, so as to discharge the crushed and flattened object material while automatically separating the crushed and flattened material from the materials that are unfit for crushing. This conveyor
16
is constructed in such a way that its inclination may be adjustable as desired.
According to this crusher of waste, although it is possible to achieve a certain objective of separating and discharging materials that are unfit for crushing without deforming them, the waste W supplied by the hopper
2
and pushed by the push-in mechanism
13
to the side of the first crushing roller
10
has its top face part crushed by the first crushing roller
10
while its bottom face part is conveyed toward the second crushing roller
11
and the third crushing roller
12
along a discharge guide chute
17
together with the materials M that are unfit for crushing in an uncrushed state.
For that reason, the crushing of the bottom face part of the waste W and the separation of the materials M that are unfit for cru
Arito Hiroshi
Kajiyama Takao
Kawamura Kohei
Kushida Ryozou
Rosenbaum Mark
Takuma Co., Ltd
Wenderoth , Lind & Ponack, L.L.P.
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