Solid material comminution or disintegration – Apparatus – Comminuting surface provided with openings to permit...
Patent
1994-06-01
1995-11-28
Rosenbaum, Mark
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Apparatus
Comminuting surface provided with openings to permit...
241 87, 241236, 241261, B02C 408
Patent
active
054700230
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a crushing apparatus for waste material that comprises a drive, a housing having a filling opening, and a rotary crushing drum which has peripheral cutting bars and which cooperates as a counterpart cutting tool.
2. State of the Prior Art
A crushing apparatus of the kind in which a counterpart cutting tool is a stationary counterpart blade is known, for example, from DE-U-91 09 063. In order to prevent intermediate spaces between the cutting elements of the tool from filling with material, the apparatus has a clearing spatula member which, when coupled to a drum drive of the apparatus, continuously engages with respective intermediate spaces and cleans out the spaces.
Crushing apparatuses in which a counterpart cutting tool is formed by a crushing drum are also already know. The crushing drum can be formed from crushing disks that are fitted with canine teeth and that are arranged with a spacing relative to each other on drive shafts. It is, however, also possible to use one-piece crushing drums on which cutting elements or teeth are provided in axially spaced relationship. Examples of both constructions are to be found in AT-B-350 988.
A problem in all waste crushers or grinders is that the waster materials which are to be reduced in size are of different properties so that the crushing apparatuses are only more or less satisfactory in function. It repeatedly happens that, in spite of a possible reversal of the drive, and in spite of clearing elements which engage with the intermediate spaces, the material is poorly crushed or reduced in size, and becomes jammed. The apparatus must then be at least partially dismantled to clean it out.
FR-A 753.030 describes a kneading mill for swollen corn, FR-A 497.045 describes a device for shredding a field crop, and FR-A 2466 281 describes a device for producing small pieces of tomato pulp. Each of the three devices comprises screening drums provided with bars which engage one another and have to strain a material, which then exits the ends of the screening drums. Passage of the material between the screening drums is not possible, because the housing below the drums is closed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is, therefore, that of improving the operational reliability of such a crushing apparatus, and in particular providing additional free spaces in which material that has not been reduced in size, or which is only poorly reduced in size, can issue in order to prevent blockage of the apparatus.
In accordance with the present invention, a crushing drum is of a hollow configuration and has at least one open end. Between cutting bars are entry slots that are open into the drum cavity to form squeeze-passages for non-crushed or insufficiently crushed material. In this way the material cannot become fixed between the cutting bars and clog the bars, but is further urged into the drum cavity by subsequent material.
Preferably, a counterpart cutting tool is formed by a second crushing drum which rotates in an opposite relationship to the first crushing drum and which has peripheral cutting bars which engage with the cutting bars of the first crushing drum. In this case, the second crushing drum is also of a hollow configuration and has at least one open end. Entry slots are open into the drum cavity of the second crushing drum between the cutting bars.
The cutting bars may extend in both a parallel relationship to the axis and also in an inclined relationship to the axis. The entry slots preferably increase in size as they extend into the drum cavity so that the material cannot become jammed.
When the drums are in a non-horizontal position, the material which penetrates into the drum cavities issues downwardly therefrom under the effect of the force of gravity through the openings in the ends of the drums. Preferably provided in each drum cavity, however, is a cleaning element which acts on the material towards the open end so that positive emptying occur
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Agria-Werke GmbH
Husar John M.
Rosenbaum Mark
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