Bee culture – Method – Honeybee
Patent
1998-06-08
2000-01-04
Swiatek, Robert P.
Bee culture
Method
Honeybee
449 1, A01K 67033
Patent
active
060103906
ABSTRACT:
A new pollination method for efficient crop pollination by insects, primarily the economical production of solitary bees and other pollinating insects in such sufficient and reliable numbers so as to permit their timely distribution among and pollination of entomophilous plants to produce a crop. The process utilizes a clean manufacturing environment to rear insect ovum to imagoes that are isolated from agents of disease, predation, and parasitism. This pollination method employs a point-to-point distribution system that also substantially reduces material, handling, and shipping costs.
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Torchio, P. F. (1987), Use of Non-honey Bee Species as a Pollinator of Crops; Ent. Soc. Ontario; 118: 111-124.
Torchio, P. F. (1991), Use of Osmia lignaria propinqua as a Mobile Pollinator of Orchard Crops; Envir. Entomol; 20 (2): 590-596.
Torchio, P. F. (1992), Effects of Spore Dosage and Temperature on Pathogenic Expressions of Chalkbrood Syndrome Caused by Ascosphaera torchioi within Larvae of Osmia lignaria propinqua; Envir. Entomol.; 21 (5): 1086-1091.
Waters, N. D. (1971), Insect Enemies of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee and Their Control; Univ. of Idaho, Current Information Series, No. 163.
Batra, S. W. T. (1982), The Hornfaced bee for Efficient Pollination of Small Farm Orchard; In Kerr, W. H. and L. V. Knutson (eds.), Research for Small Farm, USDA Miscellaneous Publ., 1422, 117-120.
Batra, S. W. T. (1984), Solitary Bees, Scientific American; 250(2), 86-93.
Buchmann, S. L. and G. P. Nabhan (1996), The Forgotton Pollinators; Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Free, J. B. (1993), Insect Pollination of Crops; 2.sup.nd ed., London, Academic Press.
Goerzen, D. W. (1992), Paraformaldenhyde Fumigation of Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee Nest Material; Saskatchewan Agric. Deve. Fund, ISBN 0-88656-556-1.
Griffin, B. L. (1993), The Orchard Mason Bee; Knox Cellars, Bellingham, WA.
Kuhn, E. D. and J. T. Ambrose (1984), Pollination of Delicious Apple by Megachilid Bees of the Genus Osmia; J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 57, 169-180.
Mayer, D. F. (1988), Effects of Dipping Alfalfa Leaf-cutting Bee Nesting Materials on Chalkbrood Disease; Applied Agric. Res., 3, 167-169.
Murrelll, D. C. (1997), Alfalfa Seed and Leafcutter Bee Production in Saskatchewan; Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food, Extension Bul. No. 97-01.
Peterson, S. S. et al (1992), Current Status of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee; Bee Science, 2, 135-142.
Proctor, M. et al (1996), The Natural History of Pollination; Harper-Collins, London.
Torchio, P. F. (1981), Field Experiments with Osmia lignaria Propinqua Cresson as Pollinator in Almond Orchards; J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 54, 815-823.
Torchio, P. F. (1987), Use of Non-honey Bee Species as a Pollinator of Crops; Ent. Soc. Ontario, 118, 111-124.
Torchio, P. F. (1991), Use of Osmia lignaria propinqua as a mobile Pollinator of Orchard Crops; Envir. Entomol, 20-2, 590-596.
Torchio, P. F. (1992), Effects of Spore Dosage and Temperature on Pathogenic Expressions of Chalkbrood Syndrome Caused by Ascosphaera torchioi within Larvae of Osmia lignaria propinqua, Envir. Entomol.; 21-5, 1086-1091.
Waters, N. D. (1971), Insect Enemies of the Alfalfa Leafcutting Bee and Their Control; Univ. of Idaho, Current Information Series No. 163.
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