Surgery – Miscellaneous
Patent
1992-11-19
1995-03-07
Howell, Kyle L.
Surgery
Miscellaneous
601 41, 434265, A62B 3700, A61H 3100
Patent
active
053948920
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an apparatus for prompting the performance of cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
In this specification, CPR comprises the performance of expired air resuscitation (EAR) concurrently with external cardiac compression (ECC) in accordance with the specifications laid down by the Australian Resuscitation Council.
EAR is used on persons suffering from respiratory arrest, the essential signs of which are unconsciousness and absent respiration. On the other hand, ECC is used on persons suffering from cardiac arrest, the essential signs of which are unconsciousness, absent pulse and absent respiration.
The performance of EAR involves the following steps: the hand, and extending the head of the casualty to maintain the airway open; an air tight seal; rises; casualty fall and listening for the breath exhaling; with a prescribed rate dependent upon the age of the casualty.
The performance of ECC involves the following steps: body; and fingers raised from the chest; until the rescuer's shoulders are vertically above their hands; the sternum at a prescribed rate dependent upon the age of the casualty.
In the case of cardiac arrest, it is necessary to use a combination of EAR and ECC, i.e. CPR. The performance of CPR varies depending upon whether one rescuer or two rescuers are available, whereby in the case of two rescuers one may perform EAR and the other ECC contemporaneously. In the case of there being only one rescuer, it is necessary for the one person to perform both EAR and ECC.
In practice, upon encountering a person who has suffered respiratory or cardiac arrest, the first symptom which can be readily ascertained is whether the person is unconscious or not. In accordance with the specifications set down by the Australian Resuscitation Council, at this stage the air way of the unconscious person should be cleared and opened to ensure that the person can breath.
The next obvious symptom which can be ascertained at this stage is whether the casualty is breathing or not. Accordingly, after the air way is cleared and opened, the casualty must be checked to determine whether they are breathing or not. In the event that they are not breathing, the rescuer must immediately enter into EAR technique, providing five inflations as rapidly as possible since time is vital at this stage.
After this, the characterising symptom for cardiac arrest can be checked, i.e. whether the pulse of the casualty is present or not, to ascertain whether the casualty is suffering from respiratory or cardiac arrest.
If the pulse is present, it can be ascertained that the casualty is suffering from respiratory arrest only and accordingly EAR procedure may be continued at the rate of twelve inflations per minute for an adult casualty and at the rate of twenty inflations per minute for a child or baby casualty.
This procedure is continued for one minute at which time the pulse is again checked, as the heart may have stopped beating. If the pulse is still present, EAR is continued at the prescribed rate for further periods of two minutes each, with the pulse being checked for five seconds at the termination of each two minute period, until the casualty recommences breathing.
If at any time during a pulse check it is determined that the pulse is not present, then the rescuer must immediately enter into ECC procedure and perform this in conjunction with EAR procedure. In view of the two discrete procedures involved, it is better for the performance of CPR at this stage to be performed by two rescuers, one performing EAR and the other ECC on the one casualty.
When two rescuers are available, CPR procedure should proceed at the rate of five compressions (ECC) to one inflation (EAR) for an initial period of one minute in the case of an adult, one operator performing ECC in five second cycles at the rate of one compression per second, and the other operator performing EAR timing his/her action to make one inflation of the chest between the fifth compression of one cycle and the first compression
REFERENCES:
patent: 4193064 (1980-03-01), Snyder
patent: 4237872 (1980-12-01), Harrigan
patent: 4491423 (1985-01-01), Cohen
patent: 4583524 (1986-04-01), Hutchins
patent: 4588383 (1986-05-01), Parker
patent: 4863385 (1989-09-01), Pierce
CPR Instruction Leaflet-pp. 1-5 (date unknown).
Brewer Peter R.
Kenny Thomas M.
Eskell Stanley Louis Mowbray
Howell Kyle L.
K J Mellet Nominees Pty Ltd
Lacyk J.
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