Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Manicure or pedicure compositions
Reexamination Certificate
2000-05-04
2002-01-29
Dees, Jose′ G (Department: 1616)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Manicure or pedicure compositions
C424S401000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06342209
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention is in the field of cosmetic compositions for application to skin, nails or hair, which contain one or more film forming polymers.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The application of cosmetic and personal care products to the skin almost always involves the formation of a film on the skin. For example, application of a foundation to the face involves formation of a colored film on the skin. The same is true of products such as lipstick, eyeshadow, blush, and nail enamel. The product is applied to the appropriate keratinous surface and allowed to dry. A film is formed which adheres to the skin for the appropriate period of time before being removed by chemical processes, or washed off with water.
Most film forming cosmetic and personal care products contain a polymeric material as the primary film former. The term “film former” means a material which, upon drying, produces a continuous film on keratinous substrates such as skin, hair, or nails. The term “skin” when used in accordance with the invention means both face and body skin or lips. The term “film forming polymer” means that the film former is in the polymeric form. A variety of polymers have film forming properties: they can be natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or polymers that have both natural and synthetic portions. While the polymers available today have a myriad of properties, most cosmetics and personal care products contain other ingredients to further modify the properties of the composition and improve aesthetics.
When forming a film on skin, hair, or nails, it is important that the film have certain properties in order to provide a commercially acceptable product. For example, if the film formed is too brittle, it may crack, or chip from the keratinous surface. On the other hand, if the film is not hard enough, it may be tacky to the touch and the consumer will have the feeling that the product has not dried on the skin. Accordingly, most cosmetic and personal care products containing one or more film forming polymers also contain an ingredient known as a plasticizer. A plasticizer is a material that is capable of modifying the properties of the film formed on the keratinous substrate by the film forming polymer. Generally, the plasticizer will make the film more flexible, or pliable. This, in turn, causes the film to “move with the skin” in products which are applied to skin. In products such as nail enamel, the plasticizer will make the film formed on the nail more flexible such that it doesn't chip from the nail so readily. Further, the plasticizing effect of the most desirable plasticizers does not dissipate with time, e.g. some plasticizers have only a temporary plasticizing effect, and after passage of time, lose effectiveness. A plasticizer is a most important ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products containing polymeric film formers. The selection of the appropriate plasticizer can mean the difference between a successful, aesthetically pleasing product, and a product that is unacceptable from the commercial point of view.
Accordingly, there is always a need for better plasticizers in film forming cosmetic and personal care products. An ideal plasticizer is capable of plasticizing a wide variety of film forming polymers, and enable the selection of a wide variety of film forming polymers for use in compositions. It has been discovered that certain esters of malic acid provide an excellent plasticizing effect to a wide variety of natural and synthetic polymeric film formers.
An object of the invention is to provide an improved plasticizer for use in film forming cosmetic and personal care products.
Another object of the invention is to provide cosmetic and personal care products containing one or more polymeric film formers, which contain C
1-20
esters of malic acid as a plasticizing agent for the film forming polymers.
Another object of the invention is provide cosmetic and personal care products containing one or more film forming polymers, where the plasticizer for the film forming polymer does not lose effectiveness over time.
Another object of the invention is to provide a method for plasticizing a film formed on skin, nails, or hair with a cosmetic composition containing one or more film forming polymers, comprising adding to said film a plasticizing effective amount of a C
1-20
ester of malic acid.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a cosmetic composition for application to keratinous surfaces containing at least one film forming polymer; and a plasticizer for the film forming polymer which is a C
1-20
ester of malic acid.
The invention also comprises a method for plasticizing a film forming polymer contained in a cosmetic product which is applied to keratinous surfaces, comprising adding a plasticizing effective amount of a C
1-20
ester of malic acid to the cosmetic product composition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
All percentages mentioned herein are percentages by weight unless otherwise indicated.
I. THE COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS
A. The Film Forming Polymer
A wide variety of film forming polymers may be used in the cosmetic or personal care products of the invention. The film forming polymer must be capable of forming a film on the skin, nails, or hair. The film forming polymers may be natural or synthetic, or a combination of both, and may be in the form of solids, semi-solids, or liquids. The film forming polymer may be neutral or ionic in character, e.g. anionic, cationic, nonionic, or amphoteric.
1. Synthetic Polymers
Suitable synthetic polymers include homopolymers, copolymers, and block and graft copolymers comprised of repeating monomers such as acrylic or methacrylic acid or esters thereof, urethanes, esters, amides, styrene, vinyl, silicon, and so on. The synthetic polymers may be present in the composition in ranges from 0.1-95%, preferably 1-85%, more preferably 3-45% by weight of the total composition.
Examples of synthetic film forming polymers include those set forth in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, Eighth Edition, 2000, pages 1744 through 1747, which are hereby incorporated by reference, including those which are summarized herein.
a. Silicone Resins
Cross-linked silicones, also known as silicone resins, can be plasticized with C
1-20
esters of malic acid, and are suitable for use in the compositions and method of the invention. Preferred silicone resins have the general formula:
wherein R, R′ and R″ are each independently a C
1-10
straight or branched chain alkyl or phenyl, and x and y are such that the ratio of (RR′R″)
3
SiO
½
units to SiO
2
units is 0.5 to 1 to 1.5 to 1.
Preferably R, R′ and R″ are a C
1-6
alkyl, and more preferably are methyl and x and y are such that the ratio of (CH
3
)
3
SiO
½
units to SiO
2
units is 0.75 to 1. Most preferred is this trimethylsiloxy silicate containing 2.4 to 2.9 weight percent hydroxyl groups which is formed by the reaction of the sodium salt of silicic acid, chlorotrimethylsilane, and isopropyl alcohol. The manufacture of trimethylsiloxy silicate is set forth in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,676,182; 3,541,205; and 3,836,437, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference. Trimethylsiloxy silicate as described is available from Dow Corning Corporation under the tradename 2-0749 and 2-0747, which is a blend of about 40-60% volatile silicone and 40-60% trimethylsiloxy silicate. Dow Corning 2-0749 in particular, is a fluid containing about 50% trimethylsiloxy silicate and about 50% cyclomethicone. The fluid has a viscosity of 200-700 centipoise at 25° C., a specific gravity of 1.00 to 1.10 at 25° C., and a refractive index of 1.40-1.41.
b. Copolymers of Silicone and Organic Monomers
Also suitable for use as the film forming polymer in the compositions and method of the invention are copolymers of silicone and various organic, ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and optionally other monomers. Examples of such polymers are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,033,650, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Preferred examples
Calello Joseph Frank
Patil Anjali Abhimanyu
Blackburn Julie
Dees Jose′ G
Lamm Marina
Revlon Consumer Products Corporation
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