Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Effervescent or pressurized fluid containing – Organic pressurized fluid
Reexamination Certificate
2002-01-23
2004-05-04
Venkat, Jyothsna (Department: 1615)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Effervescent or pressurized fluid containing
Organic pressurized fluid
C424S070100, C424S070110, C424S401000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06730289
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to polymers for use in cosmetic and personal care compositions, methods of producing the polymers, cosmetic and personal care compositions containing them, and to a method of treating hair using the compositions. More particularly, the invention relates to carbamate group modified polyurethanes, methods of producing these polyurethanes and hair styling compositions such as hair fixative compositions that contain carbamate group modified polyurethanes, and their use.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
The desire to have the hair retain a particular shape or style is widely held. The most common approach for accomplishing styling of hair is the application of a composition to dampened hair, after shampooing and/or conditioning, or to dry, styled hair. These compositions provide temporary styling benefits and can readily be removed by water or shampooing. To date, the materials employed in the hair care compositions to provide styling benefits have generally been natural or synthetic resins and have been applied in the form of, for example, sprays, mousses, gels and lotions.
Recently, it has become desirable to provide a high level of style retention, or strong hold, from a hair spray composition. In a typical hair spray, hold is achieved by the use of commercially available styling polymers, such as AMPHOMER(TM), supplied by National Starch Chemical Company, LUVIMER(TM), supplied by BASF, GANTREZ(TM), supplied by ISP Chemicals and also silicone graft copolymers, supplied by Mitsubishi Chemicals.
In addition to providing a high degree of hold to hair, hair fixative compositions must meet other performance requirements. For example, hair fixative compositions should maintain a high degree of gloss, curl retention, stiffness and humidity resistance, whilst also having pleasing aesthetics with a natural soft feel, no adhesive tackiness, no brittle feel and no flake development. Hair fixative compositions must also be readily removable from the hair.
Typically, the styling polymers have a carbon backbone comprising various hydrophilic and hydrophobic vinylic monomers. These polymers can be nonionic or they can carry a charge, usually a negative charge. The hydrophilic monomer is employed to render the polymer water-soluble and the hydrophobic monomer is generally selected to enhance humidity resistance of the styling resins. Traditionally, the anionically charged resins are formed from the corresponding acids (neutralised) using alkalising agents such as sodium or potassium hydroxide as well as certain functional amines such as aminomethyl propanol (AMP) to tailor their solubility and film forming properties.
The hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of modern styling resins is carefully balanced to produce materials that are soluble in hydroalcoholic solvents, typically 80% volatile organics content (VOC). To improve the performance of modern styling products even further, non-volatile plasticisers such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate and acetyl tri-2-ethoxyhexyl citrate (Citroflex(TM)) have been employed in the compositions.
In addition to styling polymers, hair fixative compositions contain a delivery system. The delivery system is typically an alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water. Aerosol delivery compositions typically also contain a propellant, such as a volatile hydrocarbon. Alternative delivery systems for hair fixative compositions have also been developed, for example pump sprays, gels and mousses.
Conventional hair styling compositions require a relatively high content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in order to solubilise the hair styling polymer. However, delivery systems comprising alcohol and hydrocarbons are becoming less acceptable. This is due to environmental regulations controlling the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere. It is, therefore, desirable for economic and environmental reasons to reduce the VOC of hair styling compositions.
The use of polyurethanes as hair styling polymers in aqueous or low VOC compositions has been investigated. By the term “low VOC compositions” we mean compositions comprising 80% or less VOCs.
Polyurethanes are a class of polymers that contain carbamate groups (—NHCOO—) in their backbone structure. Carbamate groups are also referred to as urethane groups. Polyurethanes are typically produced by the reaction of a diisocyanate with a polymeric diol (a polyol), or a combination of polyols, and a short chain diol extender. The polyols are typically polyethers or polyesters or a combination of both. The generic molecular structure of segmented polyurethane obtained from the polymerisation of a diisocyanate, a polyol and a simple alkane-diol extender carrying a charged group can be represented as follows:
wherein R and R′ are independently an optionally substituted arylene, alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene group, R″ is a charge carrying functional group such as carboxylate, sulphate, phosphate, a quaternary ammonium group or a phosphonium group and R′″ represents a polymeric chain representing a polymeric diol, usually a polyether, e.g., polyethyleneglycol, polypropyleneglycol and their copolymers, polytetrahydrofuran or an oligomeric aliphatic/aromatic polyester. m and n are positive integers.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,494 and EP-A-937451, both describe the preparation and use of polyurethanes with carboxylate functionality for hair fixative applications.
DE-A-4241118 describes the use of cationic polyurethanes and polyureas as auxiliaries in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,132,704 discloses carboxylated urethane resins for use in hair styling gels. The resins contain pendant carboxyl groups.
However, although polyurethanes and polyureas display hair fixative properties, they adhere to hair so strongly that it is generally not possible to remove them using conventional methods such as shampooing. Even after repeated shampooing the polymer can be felt on hair. This leads to accumulation and build-up problems on hair with perceived negative sensory effects.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, the present applicants believe that the difficulty in removing polyurethanes from hair may be due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the carbamate groups of polyurethane and the amide groups that are present in hair fibres.
Various attempts have previously been made to improve the removal of polyurethanes from hair. These have generally been unsuccessful. For example, it has been found that increasing the acid content of polyurethanes in order to increase their solubility in aqueous systems whilst employing certain alkali or amine neutralisers has not provided polymers that can be removed from hair by washing.
Thus, there is a need for improved hair styling polymers that are soluble or dispersible in aqueous or low VOC compositions and which can be relatively easily removed from the hair by washing. The hair styling polymers must also provide the desired hair styling properties, such as low tack polymer film characteristics, improved hold of the hair, and/or enhanced shine of hair and/or better natural movement of hair. Current styling polymers and hair fixative compositions do not provide this required balance of properties. The present invention seeks to solve this problem.
Carbamate polymers are known to be useful in other applications. For example, GB 1237339 and WO 87/00851 disclose N-alkylated polyurethanes for use as foam crash pads and coating compositions, respectively. There is no mention in either document of N-acylated polymers. Similarly, JP-A-55080455 discloses coating compositions comprising a polyurethane, an acid compound and a tertiary amine.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention in a first aspect, therefore, provides a cosmetic or personal care composition comprising:
(i) a styling polymer comprising a carbamate group modified polyurethane comprising units having the formula:
wherein Z is hydrogen, an alkyl, fully or partially fluorinated alkyl
Aronson Michael P.
Unilever Home & Personal Care USA , division of Conopco, Inc.
Venkat Jyothsna
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