Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Reexamination Certificate
2002-04-23
2003-07-22
Cook, Rebecca (Department: 1614)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
C514S570000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06596761
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates in particular to cosmetic and dermatological formulations comprising flavonoids, their glycosides and, if appropriate, combinations thereof with cinnamic acid derivatives or antioxidants.
The damaging effect of the ultraviolet component of solar radiation on the skin is generally known. While rays having a wavelength below 290 nm (the so-called UVC range) are absorbed by the ozone layer in the earth's atmosphere, rays in the range between 290 nm and 320 nm, the so-called UVB range, cause erythema, simple sunburn or even burns of greater or lesser severity.
The narrower range around 308 nm is stated as the maximum for the erythema activity of sunlight.
Numerous compounds which are derivatives of 3-benzylidenecamphor, of 4-aminobenzoic acid, of cinnamic acid, of salicylic acid, of benzophenone and also of 2-phenylbenzimidazole are known for protection against UVB radiation.
It is also important to have filter substances available for the range between about 320 nm and about 400 nm, the so-called UVA range, since rays in this range can cause reactions on photosensitive skin. It has been proved that UVA radiation leads to damage to the elastic and collagenic fibres of connective tissue, which causes the skin to age prematurely, and that it is to be regarded as a cause of numerous phototoxic and photo-allergic reactions. The damaging influence of UVB radiation may be intensified by UVA radiation.
Certain derivatives of dibenzoylmethane are therefore used for protection against the rays of the UVA range, the photostability of which derivatives (Int. J. Cosm. Science 10, 53 (1988)) is not adequate.
However, UV radiation can also lead to photochemical reactions, the photochemical reaction products then intervening in skin metabolism.
Such photochemical reaction products are chiefly free-radical compounds, for example hydroxyl radicals. Undefined free-radical photo-products which are formed in the skin itself can also show uncontrolled secondary reactions because of their high reactivity. However, singlet oxygen, a non-radical excited state of the oxygen molecule, may also occur under UV irradiation, as may short-lived epoxides and many others. Singlet oxygen, for example, is distinguished from the triplet oxygen normally present (free-radical ground state) by an increased reactivity. Nevertheless, excited, reactive (free-radical) triplet states of the oxygen molecule also exist.
UV radiation is furthermore counted among ionizing radiation. There is therefore the risk of ionic species also being formed during UV exposure, which then in turn are capable of intervening oxidatively in biochemical processes.
To prevent these reactions, additional antioxidants and/or free-radical scavengers can be incorporated into the cosmetic or dermatological formulations.
It has already been proposed to employ vitamin E, a substance of known antioxidative action, in light protection formulations, although here too the effect achieved falls far short of that hoped for.
The effect of solar radiation on the skin, apart from the development of photo-weals and tanning, caused chiefly by the UVB range, is a slow and progressive degradation of the connective tissue lying underneath the epidermis, caused by the longer-wavelength range of sunlight, the UVA, in which the elastic and strengthening fibres are destroyed by irradiation. The decreasing strength of the connective tissue leads to increased formation of wrinkles, and in the extreme case can lead to so-called “farmer's skin” or even actinic keratosis. Wrinkles, ruga and dry skin which form due to environmental influences before the actual biological age and are the symptom of “premature ageing of the skin” are regarded as cosmetically undesirable.
Antioxidants are chiefly used as protective substances against the decay of the formulations comprising them. Nevertheless, it is known that undesirable oxidation processes can also occur in human and animal skin. Such processes play an essential role in ageing of the skin.
Oxidative damage to the skin and its more detailed causes are described in the paper “Skin Diseases Associated with Oxidative Injury” in “Oxidative Stress in Dermatology”, page 323 et seq. (Marcel Decker Inc., New York, Basle, Hong Kong, editors: Jürgen Fuchs, Frankfurt, and Lester Packer, Berkeley/California).
The object of the invention was therefore to provide cosmetic and dermatological active compounds and formulations and light protection formulations which are used for prophylaxis and treatment of light-sensitive skin, and also of normal skin exposed to the sun.
The lips are furthermore an area of the face which, due to its structure and exposure, is severely subjected to and influenced by external influences. The naturally red colour of the lips is based on the fact that the skin of the lips is much thinner than “normal” skin and sweat and sebaceous glands are also absent. Melanine is present to a significantly lesser degree. The absence of some of the natural protection of the skin means that lips are exposed to greater stresses than normal skin under cold temperatures, heat and solar radiation. Protection and care of the lips are therefore necessary to obtain a smooth, rosy appearance of the lips. If no adequate protection of the lips has been present during exposure, the abovementioned symptoms manifest themselves, alleviation and elimination of which can also be regarded as a cosmetic concern.
The invention moreover relates to formulations of extremely low so-called “stinging potential” and formulations for non-specific, non-pathological itching.
As a barrier organ of the human organism, the skin, especially the epidermis, is subjected to external effects to a considerable extent. According to current scientific understanding, the skin represents an immunological organ which, as an immunocompetent peripheral compartment, plays its own role in inductive, effective and regulatory immune processes of the entire organism.
The epidermis is richly equipped with nerves and peripheroceptors, such as Vater-Pacini lamellated corpuscles, Merkel cell-neurite complexes and free nerve endings for sensation of pain, cold and heat and itching.
In humans with delicate, sensitive or vulnerable skin, a neurosensory phenomenon called “stinging” (“sting”=injure, burn, hurt) can be observed. This “delicate skin” differs fundamentally from “dry skin” with thickened and hardened horny layers.
Typical reactions of “stinging” on delicate skin are reddening, tightening and burning of the skin and itching.
Typical disturbing neurosensory phenomena associated with the terms “stinging” or “sensitive skin” are reddening of the skin, tingling, prickling, tightening and burning of the skin and itching. They can be caused by stimulating ambient conditions, for example massage, action of surfactants, influence of weather such as sun, cold, dryness and also damp heat, thermal radiation and UV radiation, for example from the sun.
In “Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists” 28, pages 197-209 (May 1977) P. J. Frosch and A. M. Kligman describe a method for estimating the “stinging potential” of substances applied topically. Positive substances employed here are, for example, lactic acid and pyruvic acid. However, amino acids, in particular glycine, have also been determined as having a neurosensory action (such substances are called “stingers”) when measured by this method.
According to findings to date, such a sensitivity towards quite specific substances occurs to different degrees in individuals. This means that a person who experiences “stinging effects” in contact with a substance will with high probability experience them repeatedly on each further contact. However, contact with other “stingers” can equally take place without any reaction.
Itching on atopic skin is to be regarded as a neurosensory phenomenon, as is itching with skin diseases, although this is only a symptom of these diseases but conversely can also develop non-specifically, i.e. without a clinical finding of a disturbance of the skin, infection
Lanzendörfer Ghita
Stäb Franz
Untiedt Sven
Beiersdorf AG
Cook Rebecca
Norris & McLaughlin & Marcus
LandOfFree
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