Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
Patent
1994-12-01
1997-01-14
Michl, Paul R.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Processes of preparing a desired or intentional composition...
524236, 524425, 524432, 524444, 524497, 524503, 524556, 524557, 106 19A, 106 20A, C09D 1000
Patent
active
055940455
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention is concerned with correction fluids, that is white paints which are used by typists and others to cover typing, writing and drawing errors and which, when dry, can be typed, written or drawn over.
Correction fluids essentially comprise an opacifying agent, usually a white pigment, such as titanium dioxide, a polymeric binder, and a liquid medium in which the binder is soluble or dispersible. The composition usually also contains a dispersing agent. Such compositions are of two kinds. In the first kind the liquid medium is a volatile organic solvent, such as a chlorohydrocarbon, a chlorofluorocarbon or a petroleum-based hydrocarbon, and in the second kind the liquid medium is water-based, for example a water/ethanol mixture.
There is a general movement and, in some countries, a positive requirement, to avoid the use of organic solvent-containing compositions for environmental reasons and/or to reduce the incidence of solvent abuse. The present invention is concerned with correction fluids of the second kind, that is containing water as the liquid medium.
The water-based correction fluids that are currently available are entirely satisfactory with typewriter and printer inks since these are based on waxes and greases, that is they are non-aqueous. Water-based correction fluids are not generally satisfactory with ball point pen inks even though the latter are based on greases since certain of the dyes used in such inks have a residual water-solubility. Such correction fluids are also unsatisfactory with markings made with water-based inks.
When water-based correction fluids are used on markings made with water-based inks or with ball point pens, it is found that although the coating of the correction fluid initially appears to cover and obscure the markings, the latter show through before or after the coating is completely dry. This phenomenon is referred to as "bleeding" and is due to the water in the correction fluid solubilising the dye or dyes present in the ink of the marking.
A variety of dyes are used in water-based inks and ball point pen inks and the problem of bleeding appears to be particularly bad with inks containing anionic dyes.
There have been various proposals for dealing with the problem of "bleeding" in water-based correction fluids. In one proposal, described in WO 92/07039, there is used as the polymeric binder of the correction fluid a cationically effective film-forming material, especially an acrylate polymer, to bind with the anionic dye to prevent "bleeding" However, there are few suitable such film-forming materials and their use limits considerably the possible variations in formulation of the fluids which are generally desirable. Another proposal, described in Research Disclosure, May 1979, item 18182 (anonymous), also suggests the use in a correction fluid of a cationic material to bind with the anionic dye, but in this case the cationic material is contributed by polymeric or other water-soluble materials such as quaternary ammonium surfactants. The only example given is the use of a cationic polymeric compound SOLIDIGEN LT-13, described as a proprietary material supplied by General Aniline and Film Corp.
We have now found that there is a particular narrow group of quaternary ammonium compounds which are especially satisfactory in water-based correction fluids for preventing "bleeding". These compounds are capable of reacting rapidly with and insolubilising the anionic dyes used in such inks, whilst not significantly limiting the choice of other components of the compositions.
According to one aspect of the present invention, therefore, there is provided a water-based correction fluid, which comprises a particulate opacifier, a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymeric binder, water and a di- or tri-quaternary ammonium compound of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, are substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic groups containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, are
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Guarriello John J.
Michl Paul R.
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