Measuring and testing – Volume or rate of flow – Mass flow by imparting angular or transverse momentum to the...
Reexamination Certificate
2003-01-10
2004-07-06
Lefkowitz, Edward (Department: 2855)
Measuring and testing
Volume or rate of flow
Mass flow by imparting angular or transverse momentum to the...
Reexamination Certificate
active
06758102
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to flowmeters.
BACKGROUND
Flowmeters provide information about materials being transferred through a conduit. For example, mass flowmeters provide a direct indication of the mass of material being transferred through a conduit. Similarly, density flowmeters, or densitometers, provide an indication of the density of material flowing through a conduit. Mass flowmeters also may provide an indication of the density of the material.
Coriolis-type mass flowmeters are based on the well-known Coriolis effect, in which material flowing through a rotating conduit becomes a radially traveling mass that is affected by a Coriolis force and therefore experiences an acceleration. Many Coriolis-type mass flowmeters induce a Coriolis force by sinusoidally oscillating a conduit about a pivot axis orthogonal to the length of the conduit. In such mass flowmeters, the Coriolis reaction force experienced by the traveling fluid mass is transferred to the conduit itself and is manifested as a deflection or offset of the conduit in the direction of the Coriolis force vector in the plane of rotation.
Energy is supplied to the conduit by a driving mechanism that applies a periodic force to oscillate the conduit. One type of driving mechanism is an electromechanical driver that imparts a force proportional to an applied voltage. In an oscillating flowmeter, the applied voltage is periodic, and is generally sinusoidal. The period of the input voltage is chosen so that the motion of the conduit matches a resonant mode of vibration of the conduit. This reduces the energy needed to sustain oscillation. An oscillating flowmeter may use a feedback loop in which a sensor signal that carries instantaneous frequency and phase information related to oscillation of the conduit is amplified and fed back to the conduit using the electromechanical driver.
SUMMARY
In one general aspect, the flowmeter includes a vibratable conduit, a driver connected to the conduit and operable to impart motion to the conduit, and a sensor connected to the conduit and operable to sense the motion of the conduit and to generate a sensor signal. A controller is connected to receive the sensor signal, and is operable to generate a raw mass-flow measurement from the sensor signal, detect a single-phase flow condition and process the raw mass-flow measurement using a first process during the single-phase flow condition to generate a first mass-flow measurement, and detect a two-phase flow condition and correct the raw mass-flow measurement using a second process during the two-phase flow condition to generate a second mass-flow measurement.
The second process may include a neural network processor to predict a mass-flow error and to calculate an error correction factor used to generate the second mass-flow measurement. The neural network processor may receive at least one input parameter and apply a set of predetermined coefficients to the input parameter.
The neural network processor may be a multi-layer perceptron neural network processor including an input layer for receiving input parameters, a hidden layer having processing nodes for applying the set of predetermined coefficients to the input parameters, and an output layer that generates an output parameter. The input parameters may include a temperature parameter, a damping parameter, a density parameter, and an apparent flow rate parameter. The flowmeter may further include a training module connected to the neural network processor to calculate an updated set of coefficients when supplied with training data. In other implementations of the flowmeter, the neural network processor may be a radial basis function network.
In other instances, the second process includes a processor to analyze a density drop parameter, to predict a mass-flow error, and to calculate an error correction factor used to generate the second mass-flow measurement. The processor may execute a bubble model routine to analyze the density drop parameter.
The first mass-flow measurement may be a validated mass-flow measurement comprising the raw mass-flow measurement and an uncertainty parameter calculated by the controller. The second mass-flow measurement may be a validated mass-flow measurement comprising a corrected mass-flow measurement generated from the raw mass-flow measurement and an uncertainty parameter calculated by the controller. The controller may generate a measurement status parameter associated with the first mass-flow measurement. The controller also may generate a measurement status parameter associated with the second mass-flow measurement.
The flowmeter may include a memory for storing sensor signal data generated from the sensor signal for use by the controller. The controller associated with the flowmeter also may include a sensor parameter processing module to analyze the sensor signal data and generate sensor signal parameters. The flowmeter also may include a state machine that uses the raw mass-flow measurement and the sensor signal parameters to detect the single-phase flow condition and the two-phase flow condition.
The controller may include an output signal generator that is operable to receive the sensor signal parameters from the sensor parameter processing module and to generate a drive signal for the driver based the sensor signal parameters. The controller may also include circuitry to generate a drive signal based on the sensor signal. The drive signal may be a digital drive signal for operating the driver. Alternatively, the drive signal may be an analog drive signal for operating the driver.
The flowmeter may include a second sensor connected to the conduit for sensing the motion of the conduit and generating a second sensor signal, with the controller being connected to receive the second sensor signal and generate the drive signal based on the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal using digital signal processing. The flowmeter may generate a measurement of a property of material flowing through the conduit based on the first and second sensor signals. The flowmeter may include a second driver, and the controller may generate different drive signals for the two drivers.
The controller may generate the measurement of the property by estimating a frequency of the first sensor signal, calculating a phase difference using the first sensor signal, and generating the measurement using the calculated phase difference. The controller may compensate for amplitude differences in the sensor signals by adjusting the amplitude of one of the sensor signals. The controller may determine a frequency, amplitude and phase offsets for each sensor signal, and scale the phase offsets to an average of the frequencies of the sensor signals. The controller may calculate the phase difference using multiple approaches and selects a result of one of the approaches as the calculated based difference. The controller may combine the sensor signals to produce a combined signal and to generate the drive signal based on the combined signal. The controller may generate the drive signal by applying a gain to the combined signal.
The controller may generate the drive signal by applying a large gain to the combined signal to initiate motion of the conduit and generate a periodic signal having a phase and frequency based on a phase and frequency of a sensor signal as the drive signal after motion has been initiated.
The flowmeter may include a second sensor connected to the conduit and operable sense the motion of the conduit, and the controller includes a first signal processor to generate the measurement, a first analog to digital converter connected between the first sensor and the first signal processor to provide a first digital sensor signal to the first signal processor, and a second analog to digital converter connected between the second sensor and the first signal processor to provide a second digital sensor signal to the controller. The first signal processor may combine the digital sensor signals to produce a combined signal and generate a gain signal
De La Fuente Maria Jesus
Henry Manus P.
Fish & Richardson P.C.
Invensys Systems Inc.
Thompson Jewel V.
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