Electrolysis: processes – compositions used therein – and methods – Electrolytic synthesis – Treating electrolyte or bath without removal from cell other...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-19
2001-07-10
Phasge, Arun S. (Department: 1741)
Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods
Electrolytic synthesis
Treating electrolyte or bath without removal from cell other...
C205S580000, C205S581000, C205S583000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06258245
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides methods for improving the unit operations employed in recovery of copper from copper ores in leaching operations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of sulfuric acid (pH about 1.5) to leach copper from copper bearing ores is well known. Such leach operations are useful in recovering copper for ores which include oxides of copper. The leach operation can be carried out in heaps, dumps, and vats or in situ. In such leach operations, the sulfuric acid is used to remove the copper from copper bearing ore which it contacts. The dilute copper bearing aqueous sulfuric acid solution is then subjected to a solvent extraction operation to extract and concentrate the copper. The solvent extracted copper is then stripped from the organic phase back into an aqueous phase. The chemical reaction involved in stripping is the reverse of the extraction process: CuR
2
+H
2
SO
4
←→Cu SO
4
+2HR. The aqueous phase is thereafter subjected to an electrowinning operation to recover the copper.
In heap leaching operations copper bearing ore from a mine may be crushed to produce an aggregate that is coarse enough to be permeable in a heap but fine enough to expose the copper metal values in the ore to the leaching solutions. After crushing, the ore is formed into heaps on impervious leach pads. A leaching solution of sulfuric acid is evenly distributed over the top of the heaps by sprinklers, wobblers or other similar equipment. As the barren leach solution percolates through the heap, it dissolves the copper contained in the ore. The leach solution collected by the impervious leach pad at the bottom of the heap is recovered and this pregnant solution is subjected to copper recovery operations (solvent extraction and electrowinning). Typically an agglomeration aid is added to the crushed ore and the so treated ore is agglomerated as with an agglomeration drum or by the action of conveyor belts. The agglomeration aids minimize the adverse effects of fines (i.e., −100 mesh components) on the heap leach operation.
In vat leach operations, copper bearing ores from a mine are crushed and placed in a large vat. The vat is filled with sulfuric acid which dissolves the copper oxides contained in the ore. The vat is drained and the “pregnant solution” subject to a copper recovery operation (solvent extraction and electrowinning).
In dump leach operations, copper bearing ore mounds, typically created by “dynamiting” an ore deposit, are sprayed with a sulfuric acid leach solution. The leach solution dissolves the copper oxides. Upon recovery, the leach solution is subjected to copper recovery operations (solvent extraction and electrowinning).
In in situ leach operations, underground copper bearing substrates are flooded with sulfuric acid leach solution. The leach solution is recovered and subjected to copper recovery operations (solvent extraction and electrowinning).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors discovered that the addition of a composition comprising an antifoam formulation such as a polyethylene glycol monooleate and an alkyl phenol ethoxylate in an oil solvent, to the sulfuric acid lixiviant in copper extraction operations significantly enhance such operations.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention relates to a method of enhancing the electrowinning operation in copper leach mining operations. In such electrowinning operations, a copper rich aqueous, sulfuric acid solution is exposed to an electrical current in an electrolytic cell whereby copper plates out of solution onto the cathodes. In such electrolytic cells, bubbles form at the electrode surfaces. As these bubbles float to the surface of the solution and burst, a mist is created in the vicinity of the electrolytic cells. An acid mist can also form during drum agglomeration operations where crushed ore is treated with the acid leaching solution and agglomerated. The presence of such a mist in copper recovery operations where the solution is a sulfuric acid solution creates serious environmental, corrosion, and health and safety concerns.
In the past there have been attempts to control the formation of acid mist in electrowinning operations which employ acid solutions. For example, fluorosurfactants such as the FLUORAD FC-1100 series of products available from 3M have been added to sulfuric acid electrolyte solutions in electrowinning operations to control acid mist formation. The FLUORAD FC-1100 series are surfactants which lower the surface tension of the electrolyte. This reduced surface tension may result in smaller oxygen bubbles, but does not inhibit bubble formation. Fluorosurfactants have been widely used, however because of their high cost, the industry has a need for a more effective, less costly technology.
The present inventors have discovered that the addition of a low cost antifoam material as a solution treatment to the copper rich aqueous sulfuric acid solution prior to treatment in electrowinning cells significantly inhibits the formation of a mist in the vicinity of the electrowinning cells. The addition of the solution treatment to aqueous sulfuric acid leach solution employed as an agglomeration aid reduces acid mist during drum agglomeration and allows increased acid concentration and higher process temperatures. The solution treatment of the present invention comprises antifoam formulations which are believed to effect oxygen bubble formation in the electrolyte solution thereby inhibiting mist formation; i.e., the bubbles which form in a treated electrolyte solution break before reaching the surface or break before stable bubbles form on the surface.
Effective antifoam materials are those antifoams which are stable or remain active in acid solutions (pH=1-2) and which do not negatively impact the solvent extraction—electrowinning process or the recovered metal cathode quality.
Antifoam formulations in accordance with the present invention are those antifoam compositions stable in acid solutions (pH=1-2) such as sulfuric acid or antifoam compositions which decompose in acidic solutions to provide decomposition products which exhibit antifoam properties.
Suitable antifoam chemistries may include, but are not limited to: fatty amides such as ethylene bis-stearamide; fatty esters or glycol esters such as polyethylene glycol ditallate; polyglycols such as ethoxylatedi propoxylated alcohol; silicas such as fumed silica hydrophobed with silicone; silicones such as polydimethyl siloxane; wax dispersions such as paraffin wax emulsions; fatty acids such as stearic acid; fatty alcohols such as octadecanol; ethoxylated alkylphenols such as nonyl phenol ethoxylate; ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers or mixtures thereof.
The suitable antifoam formulation in accordance with the present invention can be formulated as: oil-based, that is the active antifoam dissolved in oil (paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic, mineral or vegetable oil); water-based, that is the active anti-foam dissolved or emulsified in water; water-extended, that is oil-based antifoam emulsified in water (oil-in-water emulsions); concentrates, that is 100% active antifoam.
The preferred antifoam formulation treatment solution of the present invention comprises one or more low HLB (HLB less than about 10) surfactants in an oil-based solvent. The most preferred solution treatment comprises a glycol ester and an alkyl phenol ethoxylate in an oil solvent. Optionally, an alcohol can be employed in the composition.
The glycol esters are conventionally produced by polymerizing propylene oxide in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. Preferably, the glycol ester is polyethylene glycol monooleate having a molecular weight of about 400 to about 2000, or polyethylene glycol monotallate having a molecular weight of about 200 to about 2000. The preferred glycol esters are polyethylene glycol monooleate, but could be tallate, stearate, laurate and the like, most preferably with a molecular weight of about 400. A representative compound is commerc
Chavez Jorge Vergara
Cifuentes Ricardo Arancibia
Inzunza Andres Reghezza
Roe Donald C.
BetzDearborn Inc.
Boyd Steven D.
Phasge Arun S,.
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