Copper catalyst for fuels

Details Copper catalyst for fuels Copper catalyst for fuels

1981-09-04

1983-08-09

Shaver, Paul F.

Fuel and related compositions

Liquid fuels

Aluminum or heavy metal, other than lead, containing

44 56, 44 57, 44 67, 44 72, 44 74, 44 68, 44 77, C10L 122

Patent

active

043976549

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention is an energy-saving fuel additive for gasoline and diesel engines which more particularly includes addition to domestic heating and light industrial oil (#2 and #3) and residual and bunker fuels (#4, #5, and #6). This fuel additive comprises as active ingredients a major proportion of picric acid and a minimum proportion of cupric sulfate (CuSO.sub.4.no H.sub.2 O):


______________________________________ (I) Cupric sulfate .01-.03% Picric acid 1-2% Methanol 35-50% Isopropyl alcohol 15-5% Toluene 43-48% Nitrobenzene .6-1.0% Primene 81R .5-1.0% ______________________________________
Additionally, cuprous sulfate may be utilized in lieu of cupric sulfate, although not preferred.
The basic additive has two variations which are included in the present invention. One variation replaces the toluene with a solvent ratio of preferred about 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol by weight.


______________________________________ (II) Cupric sulfate .01-.03% Picric acid 1-2% Methanol 35-50% Isopropyl alcohol 15-5% Methanol/isopropyl alcohol 10/90 43-48% Nitrobenzene .6-1.0% Primene 81R .5-1.0% ______________________________________ purpose of the substitution for toluene lies in the lesser toxicity values.
A second alternative replaces toluene with about 10% methanol, 45% isopropyl alcohol, and 45% kerosene:


______________________________________ (III) Cupric sulfate .01-.03% Picric acid 1-2% Methanol 35-50% Isopropyl alcohol 15-5% Methanol/isopropyl 43-48% alcohol/kerosene 10/45/45 Nitrobenzene .6-1.0% Primene 81R .5-1.0% ______________________________________ varied to about 25% methanol, 25% isopropyl alcohol, and 50% kerosene. This alternative which includes kerosene is for cost conservation.
The added developments which are related to this invention but not claimed in this application are as follows.
An additional product which is targeted towards high flash point in gasoline comprises:


______________________________________ (IV) Green basic copper car- bonate hydroxide, Cu.sub.2 CO.sub.3 (OH).sub.2 1-3% Picric acid 1-2% Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 3-7% N--butyl alcohol 10-25% Kerosene 65-74% Nitrobenzene .04-.12% Primene 81R .02-.10% ______________________________________
Additionally, related to the present compositions is a diesel high flash point formulation comprises:


______________________________________ (V) Elemental iron .01-.03% Picric acid 1-2% Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) 4-6% N--butyl alcohol 15-25% Kerosene 70-74% Nitrobenzene .05-1% Primene 81R .05-1% ______________________________________


PRIOR ART

Of primary interest relative to patent prior art are three patents of Dr. Harry M. Webb, assigned to XRG International, Inc. This group of patents; namely, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,099,930; 4,129,421; and 4,145,190, utilizes ferrous sulfate in conjunction with picric acid and includes water in the solvent milieu. The present additives in the majority are based upon cupric sulfate in conjunction with picric acid in the absence of water. Another patent is U.S. Pat. No. 1,669,181.
Of primary interest in the present application and invention is the basic formulation which substitutes cupric sulfate for ferrous sulfate in the Webb prior art. It has been found that the present copper composition is more active and imparts more power to the fuel than the ferrous compositions previously used. The preferred components of additive I are:


______________________________________ Cupric sulfate (no water) .02% Picric acid 1.5% Methanol 35% Isopropyl alcohol 15% Toluene 48.3% Nitrobenzene .8% Primene 81R .5% ______________________________________
The preferred components of additive II are the same as the preferred components of additive I but the toluene is replaced by a combination of 10% methanol and 90% isopropyl alcohol.
The preferred components of additive III are the same as the preferred components

REFERENCES:
patent: 1271114 (1918-07-01), Bachhaus
patent: 1622572 (1927-03-01), Chandler
patent: 4073626 (1978-02-01), Simmons
patent: 4099930 (1978-07-01), Webb
patent: 4129421 (1978-12-01), Webb
patent: 4145190 (1979-03-01), Webb
patent: 4265639 (1981-05-01), Scholtz

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