Solid anti-friction devices – materials therefor – lubricant or se – Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and... – Organic -co- compound
Patent
1994-11-11
1996-07-09
Howard, Jacqueline V.
Solid anti-friction devices, materials therefor, lubricant or se
Lubricants or separants for moving solid surfaces and...
Organic -co- compound
526328, C10M14514, C08F22018
Patent
active
055341756
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to copolymers of unsaturated fatty esters.
It also relates to the use of these copolymers as viscosity improvers for lubricating oils at high temperatures without adversely affecting viscosity at low temperatures.
Finally, it relates to a composition which is based on the above-mentioned copolymers and which is intended to be incorporated into lubricating oils, as well as to the lubricating oils comprising said copolymers or said composition.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The lubricating oils in question within the scope of the present invention consist essentially of naphthenic hydrocarbons and paraffinic hydrocarbons and their mixtures, the kinematic viscosity of these oils at 100.degree. C. being between about 1 and about 20 and, preferably between about 2 and about 10 mm.sup.2 /s.
There are already known copolymers of the kind in question which can be employed as multipurpose agents and especially as viscosity improvers in lubricating oils.
It is found, however, that, as oil manufacturers' requirements become increasingly constraining, copolymers which are already known no longer meet the requirements of practice, especially in their applications in so-called top-grade oils or in the case of highly specialized uses.
In addition, the multitude of factors that affect the properties of the above-mentioned copolymers and the large number of possible combinations of these factors mean that the search for copolymers capable of imparting ever better properties to lubricating oils, especially in respect of their viscosity, becomes increasingly difficult.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore surprising to successfully prepare copolymers capable of imparting to formulations based on lubricating oils a kinematic viscosity which is satisfactory not only at high temperature, particularly at 100.degree. C., but also at low, or even very low temperature, 40.degree. C. and at temperatures reaching and even going beyond -30.degree. C., this viscosity satisfying conditions are at least equal to those of the ISO Classifications VG 32 which defines an industrial fluid lubricant having a midpoint viscosity 32 centistokes (mm.sup.2 /s) at 40.degree. C. and kinematic viscosity between 28.8 and 35.2 centistokes at 40.degree. C., described in the standards ISO 34-48 or NF T60-141, and in ASTM Standard D-2422, the measurements being carried out according to ASTM Procedure D 445, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids. ASTM D-445 covers the determination of the kinematic viscosity of liquid petroleum products by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer.
This procedure is given in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards which is published annually by ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 USA.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The copolymers in accordance with the invention, which are copolymers of unsaturated fatty esters capable of being obtained by copolymerization, conveniently in an organic diluent, preferably in a mineral oil
of a percentage a (expressed on mass basis) of an ester of a carboxylic acid A.sub.1 containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms and exhibits an ethylenic unsaturation alpha to the carboxylic functional group, with an alcohol, preferably a saturated alcohol, of formula R.sub.1 OH containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, said alcohol being advantageously methyl alcohol,
of a percentage b (expressed on mass basis) of an ester of a carboxylic acid A.sub.2 containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms and exhibits an ethylenic unsaturation alpha to the carboxylic functional group, with an alcohol, preferably a saturated alcohol, of formula R.sub.2 OH containing an average from 11 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms, said alcohol being advantageously lauryl alcohol,
of a percentage c (expressed on mass basis) of an ester of a carboxylic acid A.sub.3 containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms and exhibiting an ethylenic unsaturat
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Cordek James L.
Fischer Joseph P.
Howard Jacqueline V.
Hunter Frederick D.
The Lubrizol Corporation
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