Copolymers based on diketenes, ethylenically unsaturated dicarbo

Details Copolymers based on diketenes, ethylenically unsaturated dicarbo Copolymers based on diketenes, ethylenically unsaturated dicarbo

1996-09-24

1998-03-10

Schofer, Joseph L.

Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser

Synthetic resins

Polymers from only ethylenic monomers or processes of...

526316, 5263182, 526321, 526348, C08F22400, C08F22202, C08F22210, C08F21000

Patent

active

057262667

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to copolymers based on diketenes, ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid derivatives and ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbons, a process for their preparation, modified copolymers obtainable by reaction with NH-, SH- and/or OH-functional compounds, the use of the unmodified or modified copolymers as additives for mineral oil middle distillates, and mineral oil middle distillates containing said copolymers.
2. Discussion of the Background
Middle distillates, such as gas oils, diesel oils or heating oils, which are obtained by distillation of mineral oils, have different paraffin contents, depending on the origin of the crude oil. At lower temperatures, solid paraffins separate out (cloud point, CP). On further cooling, the lamellar n-paraffin crystals form a house-of-cards structure and the middle distillate sets although the predominant part of the middle distillate is still liquid. The flow of the power fuels obtained from mineral oil distillates is considerably adversely affected by the precipitated n-paraffins in the temperature range between cloud point and pour point. The paraffins block filters and cause irregular feed of the power fuel to the combustion units or completely stop said feed. Similar problems occur in the case of heating oils.
It has long been known that the crystal growth of the paraffins in the combustion fuels and power fuels obtained from mineral oil middle distillates can be modified by suitable additives. Effective additives prevent middle distillates from forming such house-of-cards structures and becoming solid at a few degrees centigrade below the temperature at which the first paraffin crystals form. Instead, fine, well crystallized, separate paraffin crystals are formed, which pass through filters in motor vehicles and heating systems or at least form a filtercake which is permeable to the liquid part of the middle distillates, so that trouble-free operation is ensured.
Ethylene/vinyl carboxylate copolymers, as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,048,479 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,627,838, have long been used as flow improvers.
A disadvantage of these additives is that the precipitated paraffin crystals have a higher density than the liquid part and therefore tend increasingly to separate out on the bottom of the container during storage. Consequently, a homogeneous phase having a low paraffin content forms in the upper part of the container and a two-phase paraffin-rich layer at the bottom. Since both in vehicle tanks and in storage or delivery tanks of mineral oil dealers the middle distillate is generally taken off slightly above the bottom of the container, there is a danger that the high concentration of solid paraffins will lead to blockages of filters and metering means. This danger is all the greater the further the storage temperature falls below the precipitation temperature of the paraffins, since the precipitated amount of paraffin increases with decreasing temperature.
The paraffin crystal modifiers, ie. flow improvers or paraffin dispersants, are in general polymers which change the crystal growth of the n-paraffins by cocrystallization (interaction) and improve the flow properties of the middle distillate at low temperatures. According to DIN EN 116, the efficiency of the flow improvers is expressed indirectly by measurement of the cold filter plugging point (CFPP).
DE-A-2 342 300 discloses copolymers of maleic anhydride (MA) and diketene. These copolymers or the completely or partially hydrolyzed form thereof are described as being suitable products for the preparation of surfactant compounds, hairspray compositions, glass cleaners, textile assistants or binders for strengthening nonwovens and paper.
DE-A-2 531 194 and DE-A-2 531 195 describe MA/diketene copolymers and MA/diketene/vinyl ether copolymers and reaction products thereof with alcohols of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers and mixtures of the two. These are used i

REFERENCES:
patent: 3048479 (1962-08-01), Ilnyckyj et al.
patent: 3627838 (1971-12-01), Ilnyckyj et al.
patent: 4009110 (1977-02-01), Tofl et al.
patent: 5016863 (1991-05-01), Birkmair
patent: 5576396 (1996-11-01), Wang et al.

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