Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Process disinfecting – preserving – deodorizing – or sterilizing – Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal
Reexamination Certificate
2009-02-18
2011-11-15
Warden, Jill (Department: 1773)
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Process disinfecting, preserving, deodorizing, or sterilizing
Maintaining environment nondestructive to metal
C422S007000
Reexamination Certificate
active
08057738
ABSTRACT:
Methods for inhibiting corrosion in aqueous evaporative systems where soluble silica (SiO2) is maintained at residuals between 10 Mg/L and saturation, but more preferably maintained at greater than 300 mg/L as SiO2, to provide corrosion inhibiting silica films that protect system metals. Silica is provided by evaporation of water and subsequent concentration and transformation of silica naturally contained in source water. The methods of the present invention provide highly effective inhibition of corrosion for mild steel, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, zinc, galvanized steel and various alloys of such metals. The methods of the present invention comprise pretreatment removal of polyvalent metal ions from the makeup source water, maintenance of concentration of monovalent metal ions, and controlling pH at a minimum of 7.0 in the presence of an elevated temperature aqueous environment. Thereafter, specified water chemistry residual ranges are maintained in the aqueous system to achieve inhibition of scale and corrosion.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5277823 (1994-01-01), Hann et al.
patent: 5403521 (1995-04-01), Takahashi
patent: 6315909 (2001-11-01), Hoots et al.
patent: 6334955 (2002-01-01), Kawashima et al.
patent: 6402957 (2002-06-01), Boyce
patent: 6468470 (2002-10-01), Oldsberg et al.
patent: 6537456 (2003-03-01), Mukhopadhyay
patent: 6733636 (2004-05-01), Heins
patent: 6929749 (2005-08-01), Duke et al.
patent: 6949193 (2005-09-01), Duke et al.
patent: 6998092 (2006-02-01), Duke et al.
patent: 7122148 (2006-10-01), Duke et al.
patent: 7517493 (2009-04-01), Duke et al.
patent: 9705228 (1997-02-01), None
Iler, R.K., The Chemistry of Silica, 1979 Wiley, pp. 4-6; 10-15; 22-23; 30-31; 40-43; 46-51; 54-55; 74-75; 82-89; 92-93; 116-117; 124-145; 160-163; 174-177; 188-189; 194-197; 204-205; 212-215; 218-219; 312-317; 324-325; 354-361; 366-369; 374-377; 554-559.
Icopini, G.A., Kinetics of Silica Oligomerization and Nanocolloid Formation as a Function of pH and Ionic Strength at 25 degrees C., Penn State U., Dept. of Geosciences, pub. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica ACTA, vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 293-303 (2005).
Icenhower, J.P., The Dissolution Kinetics of Amorphous Silica in Sodium Chloride Solution: Effects of Temperature & Ionic Strength, Geochimica Et Cosmochimica ACTA vol. 64 (24), pp. 4193-4203 (2000).
Klein, R.; Charge Stabilized Colloidal Suspensions, Pure Applied Chemistry, vol. 73, No. 11, pp. 1705-1719 (2001).
Crocker and Grier , Interactions and Dynamics in Charge-Stabilized Colloid, MRS Bulletin 23, pp. 24-31 (1998).
Kallay, N., Introduction of the Surface Complexation Model into the Theory of Colloid Stability, Croatia Chemica ACTA, CCACAA 74 (3), pp. 479-497 (2001).
Kirby, B.J., Zeta Potential of Microfluidic Substrates, Electrophoresis 2004, 25, pp. 187-202.
Barr, T.L., U. Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Modification and Characterization of Mineralization Surface for Corrosion Protection, (www.elisha.com/docs/CorrosionProtection.pdf, Jan. 2006 dl).
Mauritz, K., Sol Gel Chemistry, U. Southern Mississippi, School of Polymers, (www.psrc.usm.edu/mauritz/solgel.html, Jan. 2006 dl).
Gillet, S.L., Toward a Silicate-Based Molecular Nanotechnology I, Mackay School of Mines, U. Nevada Reno (1998) (www.foresight.org/conference/MNT05;Papers:Gillet1/Index.html, Jan. 2006 dl).
Gillet, S.L., Toward a Silicate-Based Molecular Nanotechnology II, Mackay School of Mines, U. Nevada Reno (1998), (www.foresight.org/conference/MNT05/PapersGillet2/Index.html, Jan. 2006 dl).
U. of Aberdeen, UK, Silicification in Hot Spring Environments, Learning Resource Site, (www.abdn.uc.uk/rhyne/sinter.htm#silici, Jan. 2006 dl).
Strumm, et al.; “Formation of Polysilicates as Determined by Coagulation Effect”; Environmental Science and Technology; 1967; vol. 1; 221-227.
Small, R.J.., et al., “Using a buffered rinse solution to minimize metal contamination after wafer cleaning”; Ultrapure Materials—Chimicals, Micro Magazine.com.
Rozenfeld, I.L.; “Corrosion Inhibitors”; 1981; McGraw Hill; 171-174.
The NALCO Water Handbook; 1979; Chapter 3, pp. 14 and 16.
Drew; Principles of Industrial Water Treatment; Sixth Edition; 1983; Chapter 3, pp. 43 and 64.
Boffardi, Bennett P., PhD; Calgon Internal Publication; 1988; Chapter 4; pp. 30-31.
Adkinson, J.M., et al.; “Cathodic delamination of methyl methacrylate-based dry film polymers on copper”; IBM Jour. Res. Develop.; vol. 29, No. 1, Jan. 1985, p. 29.
Tuthill, A.H., “Experience with copper alloy tubing, waterboxes and piping in MSF desalination plants”; Oct. 6, 1997; vol. 1, Sessions 1-3, p. 1-22.
Metikos-Hukovic, et al., “Copper corrosion at various pH values with and without the inhibitor”, May 7, 1999, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 30; pp. 617-624; 2000.
White Rust; An industry update and guide paper, 2002, Association of Water Technologies; pp. 1-14.
Duke Dan A.
Kubis John L.
Cole Monique
Stetina Brunda Garred & Brucker
Warden Jill
Water Conservation Technology International, Inc.
LandOfFree
Cooling water scale inhibition method does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Cooling water scale inhibition method, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Cooling water scale inhibition method will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4304778