Internal-combustion engines – Cooling – With jacketed head and/or cylinder
Patent
1991-01-29
1993-08-31
Kamen, Noah P.
Internal-combustion engines
Cooling
With jacketed head and/or cylinder
123 4135, 123 4142, 123 4181, F02F 110
Patent
active
052399494
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An internal-combustion engine is known from the German patent 33 14 543 and has a cooling circuit which cools the cylinder head and the area of the cylinder at top dead center of the piston. Cooling and heating are in balance. The cooling circuit is here incorporated in the cylinder and cylinder head or is provided in the cast components. Consequently, manufacture of these components is labor-intensive and their cost is high. U.S. Pat. No. 4,729,347 discloses a combustion engine in which the lower regions of the cylinders are air-cooled and the cylinder heads are fluid-cooled by a complicated array of channels. Since the material of a cylinder head is welded to the cylinder, cooling of this area cannot be accomplished via the cooling channels normally built into the cylinder wall. Instead, an extra annular channel must be formed around the cylinder by means of a separate casing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to improve an internal-combustion engine in such a manner that it is simple to manufacture and can be compact, that the individual components can be produced easily and that uniform cooling can be obtained.
This is achieved by eliminating the cooling channels in the cylinder, and forming the cylinder head from a casting which was cast without a core serving to define a space for circulating cooling fluid. An uncomplicated component is used to form the cooling chamber for the cylinder in the region of top dead center of the piston. This component is also capable of forming the cooling circuit in the cylinder head. The component is a jacket which is placed over the cylinder and can overlap the cylinder head.
To maintain the thermal balance of the cylinder, particularly in the case of a free-standing cylinder, a thermally and acoustically insulating sleeve is placed on the bottom portion of the cylinder so that external thermal influences do not affect the cylinder. The acoustical insulating action which can be especially desirable for free-standing cylinders.
The internal-combustion engine of the invention has the following advantages: The cylinder and cylinder head can be manufactured as simple components without additional processing. In the case of cast components, these can be produced without a core as far as the cooling circuit is concerned. Cooling is assured in the critical areas of the valve seat and the upper reversal point of the piston. Due to the smaller cross section of the cooling circuit chamber, which can be as little as one-tenth of that for cast components, the cooling efficiency can be increased since a higher rate of circulation of the cooling agent is achieved and less cooling agent must be circulated.
By virtue of the smaller cooling circuit cross section obtained with the jacket, closer placement of the cylinders to one another can be achieved. This is important for internal-combustion engines having many cylinders and also allows the cylinder bores to be enlarged for the same size internal-combustion engine.
As a cooling circuit component, the jacket is not mechanically loaded inasmuch as the screws for the head conduct no forces into the jacket. The jacket assumes the temperature of the cooling agent at all locations and, as a result, the jacket can be sealed without difficulty.
The invention can be used in motors where the lubricating oil simultaneously serves as a cooling agent. In this case, very simple circuits are obtained. Mixing of the oils in the head is not harmful and the same is true for head and oil chamber.
Aside from the acoustical damping achieved by the use of the thermally and acoustically insulating sleeve, thermal insulation of the lower portion of the cylinder is obtained for free-standing cylinders. When the external temperatures are low, the temperatures in the lower region of the cylinder can nevertheless reach those in the upper region of the cylinder. The cylinder need not be conically honed in order to establish a seal between the piston and the inner cylinder wall.
Due to the compact constructio
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Elsbett Gunter
Elsbett Klaus
Elsbett Ludwig
Kamen Noah P.
Kontler Peter K.
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