Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Whole live micro-organism – cell – or virus containing – Fungus
Patent
1997-05-14
1999-05-11
Naff, David M.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Whole live micro-organism, cell, or virus containing
Fungus
424405, 435171, 4352541, 435267, 435911, A01N5/00;63/00
Patent
active
059025808
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel strain belonging to the genus Ascochyta and a herbicide and a weed control method using a microorganism belonging to the genus Ascochyta.
BACKGROUND ART
As a method for controlling those weeds belonging to the genus Cyperus in Cyperaceae which are major weeds growing in the paddy fields and fields, a method using chemical herbicides is mainly employed. Recently, in view of the problem of environmental pollution caused by abundant use of agricultural chemicals, the development of herbicides not depending on agricultural chemicals and methods for using the same is desired In particular, the development of microbial herbicides using a plant pathogenic fungus are highly expected. To date, DeVine (U.S.A.; target weed: Stranglervine, Asclepiadaceae), Collego (U.S.A.; target weed: Northern jointvetch, Leguminosae) and BioMal (Canada; target weed: Round-leaved mallow, Malvaceae) have been registered as herbicides and commercialized. However, there has not been developed a microbial herbicide targetted at weeds belonging to the genus Cyperus in Cyperaceae.
PROBLEM FOR SOLUTION BY THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a means to control weeds such as cyperaceous plants with a microorganism.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
As a result of extensive and intensive research toward the solution of the above assignment, the present inventors have found that a microorganism belonging to the genus Ascochyta has an excellent control ability against weeds such as cyperaceous plants. Thus, the present invention has been achieved.
The present invention relates to the Ascochyta sp. JTKA-644 strain which exhibits pathogenicity against plants belonging to the genus Cyperus.
The present invention also relates to a herbicide comprising, as an active ingredient, a microorganism belonging to the genus Ascochyta which exhibits pathogenicity against weeds.
Further, the present invention relates to a method for controlling weeds using the herbicide described above.
Hereinbelow, the present invention will be described in detail.
First, the novel strain of the invention, Ascochyta sp. JTKA-644, will be described. This strain has been created by collecting diseased weeds of the genus Cyperus in Cyperaceae, isolating those strains which have pathogenicity against the above weeds, pure-culturing them, and examining their control effect against above weeds while using a screening means to examine non-pathogenicity against other crops, particularly rice. The major mycological nature of the novel strain of the invention are enumerated as follows.
The strain is an aerobic fungus and the pH range in which this strain can grow is 3-13, preferably 5-7. The growth temperature is 15-30.degree. C. and the optimum growth temperature is 25-30.degree. C. Its growth on a potato dextrose agar medium is vigorous. The colony generates a large number of black fine particles radiating in all directions and then gradually swirling in white hyphae, and the quantity of aerial hyphae is small. The conidium is colorless, divided into two cells and oval in shape. The size of the conidium is approximately 13-18 .mu.m x approximately 4-6 .mu.m.
As a result of the search of "Illustrated Plant Fungi", (Kobayashi et al., 1992, pp. 2-52, 384, Association of Education for Agricultural Villages) and "Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi", Fourth Edition (Barnett, H. L. and Hunter, B. B., 1987, pp. 6-39, 178, Macmillan Publishing Company) for the above-mentioned mycological nature, the inventors have identified the present strain as a microorganism belonging to the genus Ascochyta. Furthermore, since no Ascochyta microorganism exhibiting pathogenicity against plants of the genus Cyperus in Cyperaceae has been known though some Ascochyta microorganism are known as pathogenic fungi against cucumber, tomato and the like, the present strain has been recognized as a novel strain and designated Ascochyta sp. JTKA-644 strain. This strain was deposited with the National Institu
REFERENCES:
patent: 4808207 (1989-02-01), Gotlieb et al.
Stierle et al, Phytochemistry, vol. 30, No. 7, pp. 2191-2192 (1991).
Upadhyay et al, Can. J. Bot., vol. 69, pp. 797-802 (1991).
Japan Tobacco Inc.
Naff David M.
Ware Deborah K.
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