Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions
Patent
1993-01-18
1995-04-04
O'Sullivan, Peter
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
504342, 504347, 71DIG1, 514 89, 514789, 514938, 424405, A01N 2504, A01N 3318, A01N 3722, A01N 5716
Patent
active
054038138
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to improved controlled release compositions that allow an active ingredient to be released in a controlled manner, and in particular to such compositions that are in the form of aqueous dispersions. The invention also relates to methods of preparing controlled release compositions in the form of an aqueous dispersion.
1. Background of the Invention
Controlled release formulations in the form of aqueous emulsions have been previously disclosed in PCT/AU 89/00230.
There are several ways in which the use of such types of controlled release formulations in the form of aqueous dispersions can be of increased benefit relative to known compositions of active. active ingredient from the formulation, leading to a longer period of efficacy or, if the active is volatile, leading to reduced loss of active to the atmosphere. species. For example, a controlled release cereal herbicide may be less damaging to germinating wheat than a standard formulation such as an emulsion concentrate. ingredient, for example by improving the uniformity of distribution of the active ingredient in soil.
2. Summary of Prior Art
Previous aqueous dispersions for the controlled release of active ingredients have included the following types: dispersion, creating a solid matrix from an originally liquid disperse phase. Examples include the formulation of poly-urea capsules and the formation of a polymer matrix from liquid monomers by polymerisation. Specific examples are disclosed in Australian Patent Application No. 37393/85 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,212,967. after the formation of the dispersion, leaving a solid disperse mass as host matrix, for example the formation of polylactide micro-capsules. An example is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 48923/85. the disperse phase by the process of polymer coacervation (i.e. controlled precipitation of polymers at the interface). An example is disclosed in British Patent No. 929405. to the addition of the active ingredient or ingredients, and in which the molten mass is added with vigorous stirring to an aqueous phase in the presence of surfactants to form a stable emulsion.
This last type of dispersion has been alleged to be useful in the following cases: and insecticide in an oily matrix (Pojurowski French Patent Publication No. 2,392,787). of pentachlorophenol in paraffin (Mobil Australian Patent Application No. 19222/70). In this instance, it was observed that the dispersions were also useful for imparting water resistant properties to treated surfaces (e.g. wood).
Using these compositions, the delivery of active ingredient at the site of application of the composition may occur at a reduced rate when compared with the performance of standard compositions of the same active substance.
In many cases it is important to decrease the rate of release of active ingredient from the controlled release formulation relative to the rate of release of active from the standard formulation by a considerable amount before significant product advantages can be obtained. This advantage is usually sought in terms of increased efficacy of the controlled release formulation. See for example, the publication of Marvin M. Schreiber et al in "Weed Science" Vol 35 No. 3 pages 407-11 (1987).
The required reduction of release rate in the controlled release product depends on both the nature of the active ingredient and on the performance of the standard formulation of the active material.
It is an object of the present invention to provide improved controlled release compositions and in particular controlled release formulations of dinitroaniline herbicides, chloroacetanilide herbicides and organophosphate insecticides, preferably trifluralin, metolachlor and chlorpyrifos where the formulations show decreased volatile loss of active ingredient and/or reduced phytotoxicity to crops in field applicants and/or increased or equal efficacy.
The invention also relates to methods of preparing controlled release compositions in the form of aqueous dispersions.
The term "viscou
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Patent Abstract of JP 52007437, Solvent for e.g. herbicides, insecticides and fungicides-comprises hydrocarbon mixt. contg. aromatic component liq. at room temp. (20 Jan. 1977).
Patent Abstract of JP 58172304, Ant controlling agen obtd. by dispersing or dissolving active cpd. in machine oil and adding anionic and nonionic surfactants (10 Nov. 1983).
S. A. De Licastro et al. "The relation between viscosity and penetration of some diethyl p-substituted phenyl phosphorothionates and oil carries into the cuticle of Triatoma infestans" Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 19:53-59 (1983).
Chen Jin L.
Flynn Anthony G.
Horne Paul A.
Jackson William R.
Kibblewhite Janine J.
Brunelle Jan P.
Clardy S. Mark
Daratech Proprietary Limited
Dreger Walter H.
O'Sullivan Peter
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