Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps – With control means responsive to non-cyclic condition... – By shaft speed or torque responsive means
Patent
1980-02-04
1982-10-26
Casaregola, Louis J.
Rotary kinetic fluid motors or pumps
With control means responsive to non-cyclic condition...
By shaft speed or torque responsive means
415202, 239461, F01D 1706
Patent
active
043559492
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates generally to speed control systems for impulse turbines and more particularly to the nozzle structure used to provide a fluid drive jet for such turbines.
2. Background Art
Impulse turbines may often be effectively employed to drive power generators, particularly in regions where natural supplies of flowing water exist. There are a great many streams throughout the United States which have rather low water flow but have rather large fall (heads to say 200 ft), and these are well suited to drive impulse power turbines of the Pelton type. The basic impulse turbines are quite small and relatively inexpensive per horsepower produced. However, if it is desired to operate the turbines at a desired constant speed as required for the production of AC current, the governing system becomes quite expensive. This is because considerable work is required to vary the nozzle area or deflect the drive fluid jet, and a hydro-mechanical power assisted governor is required which may cost as much as the turbine and generator combined. Consequently, many small impulse turbine units are used only to produce DC current for which close speed control is not required.
Many speed control systems for turbines and water wheels known to the prior art employ mechanical governors in combination with complex mechanical deflection units to deflect the flow of fluid from a nozzle to the turbine wheel when an overspeed condition occurs. These mechanical deflection units, such as the ones shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 580,098 to H. D. Williams, 929,198 to R. McF. Doble et al, 1,017,438 to T. McAuley, and 1,035,082 to J. Cachin physically intersect and divert a fluid jet, thereby requiring the use of considerable force for effective operation.
The use of fluid powered amplifiers and switches has been employed in arts other than the turbine art to divert a fluid stream using only a low volume control force. Such a system is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,168,079 to R. D. Henderson. It is apparent that the use of a low volume control force to deflect the fluid jet of an impulse turbine would be advantageous and an advance in the turbine art.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
One aspect, of the present invention is to provide a novel fluid impulse turbine system wherein a diverter operative in response to a very low control force effectively diverts a jet of power fluid away from a turbine wheel to control an overspeed condition.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a novel fluid directing nozzle having a jet forming neck portion and diverging section.
The foregoing and other aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more problems related to the above-mentioned known prior art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the fluid impulse turbine system of the present invention showing a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of the fluid nozzle;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a second embodiment of the fluid impulse turbine system of the present invention showing a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of the fluid nozzle;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of the nozzle of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of a third embodiment of the fluid impulse turbine system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment of a nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of a portion of a third embodiment of a nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a portion of the nozzle of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a vertical, longitudinal sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a vertical, longitud
REFERENCES:
patent: 580098 (1897-04-01), Williams
patent: 929198 (1909-07-01), Doble et al.
patent: 1017438 (1912-02-01), McAuley
patent: 1035082 (1912-08-01), Cachin
patent: 2889117 (1959-06-01), Wimpress
patent: 3168079 (1965-02-01), Henderson
patent: 3668869 (1972-06-01), De Corso et al.
Casaregola Louis J.
Caterpillar Tractor Co.
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