Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-03-15
2003-04-01
Cain, Edward J. (Department: 1714)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
C524S555000, C524S556000, C524S557000, C524S560000, C524S577000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06541560
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to compositions used in lithographic printing processes. Further the invention relates to a fountain solution, an overcoat composition, a printing manufacturing process and printing packaging material. The composition of the invention uses a reactive chemistry to reduce volatile organic carbonyl compound release. The printed material resulting from the use of the compositions of the invention can contain a constituent, additive or layer that can react with, reduce the release of or trap any volatile organic compound with a reactive carbonyl. Such volatile compounds include but are not limited to aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid or other such volatile organic compounds. These compounds, if not dealt with, can be released proximate a printing installation. The volatile carbonyl compound can alter the oganoleptic character, the mouthfeel, taste or odor, of comestible materials such as any food, beverage, medicine or other composition fit for human contact sealed within the printed container.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Contamination of materials intended for human contact, consumption or ingestion, including medicine, foodstuffs or beverages, by relatively volatile materials arising from packaging materials has been a common problem for many years. The introduction of off odors and off flavors into foods and beverages has become an increasing problem with the introduction of printed packaging. The contamination can arise from coatings, volatile ink components, fountain solution formulations, recycled materials, additives and other sources in the packaging. These undesirable contaminants produce an organoleptic stimuli, particularly to those consumers quite sensitive to the presence of unexpected or undesirable odors and flavors, that can result in waste and negative reactions from the consumer. The problem has been particularly worsened because of the increasing need for colorful, eye-catching, market oriented printing on consumer packaging in snack food, breakfast cereal, TV dinner, carbonated beverage and other strongly consumer oriented products.
The contamination problem can arise in printed materials with colorful legends on virgin or recycled cardboard, paper or label stock using typical lithographic technology. Printed materials are complex structures having multiple layers and a variety of materials that can be added to or coated onto individual layers. The combination can arise from chemicals used in manufacturing the individual layers, coating materials onto the layers, from printing inks used in manufacturing the printed materials, fountain solutions, additives, coatings and any other component in the manufacturing process. Such contamination typically arises from volatile organic compounds that arise from the printed structure and released into the atmosphere internal or external to the packaging material.
Such volatile materials that seem particularly objectionable include compounds with a reactive carbonyl group:
wherein R is independently aromatic, aliphatic, alkyl or other group and X is R or H or OH. Representative materials include aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acids or other volatile C
1-24
organic compounds containing a carbonyl group. Many of these compounds have a strong off odor or off flavor that can contaminate the odor or flavor of foods or beverages. Such materials can have a detection threshold of as little as one part of volatile compound per billion parts of either food or atmosphere. Further, proximate to printing installations, the airborne concentration of these volatile organic materials can create an undesirable or harmful environment for printing workers.
Numerous attempts have been made to improve methods for removing or trapping carbonyl compounds. Gaylord, U.S. Pat. No. 4,374,814; Bolick et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,442,552; Scott et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,480,139; and Scott et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,523,038, all discuss the use of organic compounds having pendant hydroxyl groups as aldehyde scavengers. An aldehyde is one species of carbonyl compound having the structure R—CHO; wherein the R group is typically aromatic or aliphatic group and the CHO represents a carbonyl with a bonded hydrogen. Other volatile compounds can have a aldehyde group a ketone or carboxylic group. These patents all appear to teach these polyhydric water soluble organic compounds that can, through an aldol condensation, react with an aldehyde to trap gaseous aldehyde.
A different scavenging technique, using polyalkylene amine materials to scavenge unwanted aldehydes from polyolefin polymeric materials, is taught by Brodie, III et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,284,892, 5,362,784 and 5,413,827; and Honeycutt, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,317,071 and 5,352,368. In unrelated technology, Gesser, U.S. Pat. No. 4,892,719, utilizes a coating of a polymeric hydrazine or polymeric amine (polyethylenimine, polyallylamine, polyvinylamine) with a plasticizer on a fiberglass or paper air filter to trap sulfur oxides, H
2
S, CH
2
O and other acidic gases. Langen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,414,309, use heterocyclic amine compounds as aldehyde scavengers in photoemulsions used in photographic materials. Nashef et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,786,287 and Trescony et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,919,472, utilize an amine compound in implantable bioprosthetic tissues to reduce residual aldehyde concentrations.
In a non-analogous technology, Cavagna et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,153,061, claims the use of absorbing coatings such as activated carbon to reduce the migration of chlorinated dioxins or chlorinated furans from paperboard materials. Meyer, U.S. Pat. No. 4,264,760, uses a sulfur compound at a valence of +5 to −2 inclusive in the form of a sulfuroxyacid as a aldehyde scavenger to reduce aldehyde odor. Aoyama et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,204, claim stabilization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase with hydroxylamine aldehyde scavengers and other compounds. Wheeler et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,545,336, teach methods of neutralizing aldehyde in waste waters through an aldehyde sodium pyrosulfite reaction. Flexographic printing inks and related fountain solutions are taught in Cappuccio et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,567,747, and Chase, U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,648, respectively. Lastly, Osamu, JP 10-245794, teaches a wet strength agent for cellulosic webs constituting a free formaldehyde scavenger (comprising urea, melamine, sulfite, ammonium or guanidine salt) combined with a wet strength agent such as urea formaldehyde or melamine formaldehyde resin.
In spite of substantial efforts in controlling aldehyde and other off odors and flavors in printing composition and resulting packaging materials, a substantial need exists to reduce release of contaminating off odors or off flavors. Further, a need to provide a lithographic fountain solution, a lithographic printing process, an over-coating for lithographic processes and a resulting lithographically printed product characterized by a reactive chemistry that traps or reduces release of a carbonyl compound arising from the coating, ink, fountain solution, printed legend, printed packaging material or process is extant.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
We have found that liquid compositions used in manufacture or printing of packaging materials such as aqueous or solvent based coatings, aqueous fountain solutions used to dampen a lithographic printing plate, etc. can be improved by introducing a reactive chemistry component into the liquid material. After printing, the compositions of the invention can retain a residue comprising the reactive chemistry in the packaging layers. The reactive chemistry can substantially reduce the release of carbonyl compounds from any layer in or on a printed substrate. In the absence of a reactive chemistry, the printed residue derived from the ink and fountain solutions can release substantial off odors or flavors into materials contained within the substrate packaging. The lithographic printing processes using the improved fountain solution materials have reduced release of the carbonyl compound during and after printing
Beaverson Neil J.
Coyle William J.
Rozynov Boris Vasilyevich
Wood Willard E.
Cain Edward J.
Graphic Packaging Corporation
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