Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Dentifrices
Patent
1984-05-15
1986-04-08
Kight, John
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Dentifrices
424 54, 424 58, 424153, 424154, 424166, 514474, A61K 3300, A61K 3306, A61K 3112, A61K 3135
Patent
active
045812276
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method of removing undesired micro-organisms, including those of pathogenic nature, attached to surfaces, phase boundaries and interfaces. The invention also relates to a method of effecting an adhesion-stimulating result for desired micro-organisms by administering adhesion-stimulating substances. The invention also relates to preparations for achieving the abovementioned results.
In the following the invention will be described first as applied to the care of livestock, other applications being dealt with afterwards.
The present invention can be used to prevent the establishment of pathogenic bacteria flora and to eliminate such flora already established in pigs, calves and poultry. By "poultry" is meant chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, for instance.
The mortality rate of such animals is at present high as a result of the establishment and colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the stomach and intestines. Pathogenic bacteria oust the normal bacteria flora, adhere to the bonding seats on the walls of the intestines, give rise to disease symptoms such as diarrhoea and result in increased mortality. Some farms lose large numbers of animals following an outbreak of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Sp., Shigella sp. and Clostridium perfringens.
Current methods of reducing the risk of outbreaks of the type mentioned above can be divided into two categories: makes the method less attractive.
Examples are:
Non-selectivity, which also causes a reduction in the natural intestinal flora;
High cost;
The appearance of resistant strains;
It is time-consuming and impractical when the farm worker cannot be responsible for all steps of the treatment himself;
Legislative control of treatment with antibiotics.
It has been impossible to follow up successful laboratory experiments with oral administration of non-pathogenic bacteria resulting in reduced risk of diarrhoea in pigs, under full-scale conditions. Careful tests with commercial products containing, e.g. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus have not given significant positive results. Neither has it been possible to colonize the intestines of pigs with Streptococcus faecium. It has not been possible to establish Lactobacillus acidophilus in chicken intestines and there have been no successful large-scale experiments with oral administration to chickens.
More recent experiments with plasmid-carrying strains to increase adhesion appear to be futile due to instability of the plasmids and difficulties in maintaining suitable selection pressure for their preservation.
Initial studies of the adhesion of bacteria to the intestinal walls revealed surprisingly that oral administration is anyway an extremely successful method of preventing the establishment, colonization and growth of pathogenic bacteria in the stomach and intestines of pigs, calves and poultry.
The following points comprise the basis of the process forming the grounds of the present invention is based:
1. The stomach and intestines is rendered substantially bacteria-free by treating with anti-microbial substances or substances which adhere to the walls and block the adhesion of bacteria.
2. Substances are used which increase the degree of adhesion of the orally administered non-pathogenic bacteria.
3. Non-pathogenic enterobacteria are cultivated in a special way to produce specific protein-protrusions, fimbria, giving rise to greatly increased adhesion of bacteria to the bacteria surface of intestinal walls.
Substances which may be used to remove bacteria from surfaces include erythrosine, anti-oxidants, and organic or inorganic salts. Among the salts which can be used are magnesium, aluminum, ammonium, beryllium, lithium and calcium salts. The various bacteria removing substances may be used alone or in combination.
Substances which may be used to increase the degree of adhesion of the non-pathegenic bacteria include curcumin and its derivatives. Curcumin also known as 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,
REFERENCES:
patent: 3932603 (1976-01-01), Haas
patent: 4229430 (1980-10-01), Fahim et al.
patent: 4327079 (1982-04-01), Aoki
patent: 4446125 (1984-05-01), Mookherjee et al.
patent: 4457909 (1984-07-01), Tames
Chem. Abstracts vol. 95, 86325t, Sunstar Inc., 1981, p. 342.
Chem. Abstracts vol. 92, 88520c, Shankar et al., 1980, p. 93.
Chem. Abstracts vol. 92, 82452k, Ghatak, 1980 p. 391.
Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1972 p. 190.
Kjelleberg Staffan
Ronnow Peter
Kight John
Nutter Nathan M.
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