Surgery – Means for introducing or removing material from body for... – Infrared – visible light – ultraviolet – x-ray or electrical...
Patent
1990-09-07
1992-12-08
Pellegrino, Stephen C.
Surgery
Means for introducing or removing material from body for...
Infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray or electrical...
128798, 128802, A61N 130
Patent
active
051693836
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to a device and method for delivering an agent transdermally or transmucosally by iontophoresis. More particularly, this invention relates to an electrically powered iontophoretic delivery device having a control membrane capable of inhibiting the release of agent from the device when the power is turned off while allowing agent delivery when the power is turned on. The membrane is also suitable for testing the performance characteristics of an electrotransport agent delivery device in vitro.
BACKGROUND ART
Iontophoresis, according to Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, is defined to be "the introduction, by means of electric current, of ions of soluble salts into the tissues of the body for therapeutic purpose." Iontophoretic devices have been known since the early 1900's. British patent specification No. 410,009 (1934) describes an iontophoretic device which overcame one of the disadvantages of such early devices known to the art at that time, namely the requirement of a special low tension (low voltage) source of current which meant that the patient needed to be immobilized near such source. The device of that British specification was made by forming, from the electrodes and the material containing the medicament or drug to be delivered transdermally, a galvanic cell which itself produced the current necessary for iontophoretically delivering the medicament. This ambulatory device thus permitted iontophoretic drug delivery with substantially less interference with the patient's daily activities.
More recently, a number of United States patents have issued in the iontophoresis field, indicating a renewed interest in this mode of drug delivery. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,991,755 issued to Vernon et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,141,359 issued to Jacobsen et al; U.S. Pat. No. 4,398,545 issued to Wilson; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,878 issued to Jacobsen disclose examples of iontophoretic devices and some applications thereof. The iontophoresis process has been found to be useful in the transdermal administration of medicaments or drugs including lidocaine hydrochloride, hydrocortisone, fluoride, penicillin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate, insulin and many other drugs. Perhaps the most common use of iontophoresis is in diagnosing cystic fibrosis by delivering pilocarpine salts iontophoretically. The pilocarpine stimulates sweat production; the sweat is collected and analyzed for its chloride content to detect the presence of the disease.
In presently known iontophoretic devices, at least two electrodes are used. Both of these electrodes are disposed so as to be in intimate electrical contact with some portion of the skin of the body. One electrode, called the active or donor electrode, is the electrode from which the ionic substance, medicament, drug precursor or drug is delivered into the body by electrodiffusion. The other electrode, called the counter or return electrode, serves to close the electrical circuit through the body. In conjunction with the patient's skin contacted by the electrodes, the circuit is completed by connection of the electrodes to a source of electrical energy, e.g., a battery. For example, if the ionic substance to be driven into the body is positively charged, then the positive electrode (the anode) will be the active electrode and the negative electrode (the cathode) will serve to complete the circuit. If the ionic substance to be delivered is negatively charged, then the negative electrode will be the active electrode and the positive electrode will be the counter electrode.
Alternatively, both the anode and cathode may be used to deliver drugs of opposite charge into the body. In such a case, both electrodes are considered to be active or donor electrodes. For example, the positive electrode (the anode) can drive a positively charged ionic substance into the body while the negative electrode (the cathode) can drive a negatively charged ionic substance into the body.
It is also known that iontophoretic delivery devices can be used to delive
REFERENCES:
patent: 3797494 (1974-03-01), Zaffaroni
patent: 4144317 (1979-03-01), Higuchi et al.
patent: 4274420 (1981-06-01), Hymes
patent: 4325367 (1982-04-01), Tapper
patent: 4391278 (1983-07-01), Cahalan et al.
patent: 4419092 (1983-12-01), Jacobsen et al.
patent: 4457748 (1984-07-01), Lattin et al.
patent: 4474570 (1984-10-01), Ariura et al.
patent: 4557723 (1985-12-01), Sibalis
patent: 4573996 (1986-03-01), Kwiatek
patent: 4622031 (1986-11-01), Sibalis
patent: 4640689 (1987-02-01), Sibalis
patent: 4673565 (1987-06-01), DiLuccio et al.
patent: 4689039 (1987-08-01), Masaki
patent: 4702732 (1987-10-01), Powers et al.
patent: 4708716 (1987-11-01), Sibalis
patent: 4713050 (1987-12-01), Sibalis
patent: 4722726 (1988-02-01), Sanderson et al.
patent: 4731049 (1988-03-01), Parsi
patent: 4731926 (1988-03-01), Sibalis
patent: 4842577 (1989-06-01), Konno et al.
patent: 4940456 (1990-07-01), Sibalis et al.
patent: 5080646 (1992-01-01), Theeuwes et al.
P. Tyle & B. Kari, "Iontophoretic Devices", Drug Delivery Devices, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 421-454 (1988).
Gyory J. Richard
Haak Ronald P.
Theeuwes Felix
ALZA Corporation
Mandell Edward L.
Miller D. Byron
Pellegrino Stephen C.
Rafa Michael
LandOfFree
Control membrane for electrotransport drug delivery does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Control membrane for electrotransport drug delivery, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Control membrane for electrotransport drug delivery will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-958074